江淮地区空中水汽分布特征及其变化趋势分析  

The Analysis on Distribution Characteristics of Water Vapor and Its Variation Trend in Yangtze-Huaihe Area

作　　者：王琼洁 

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,四川 成都

出　　处：《地球科学前沿（汉斯）》2019年第12期1220-1228,共9页Advances in Geosciences

基　　金：成都信息工程大学本科教学工程项目(BKJX2019007,BKJX2019013,BKJX2019042,BKJX2019056,BKJX2019062,BKJX2019081,BKJX2019089,BKJX2019120和JY2018012)支持。

摘　　要：空中水汽是形成云和降水的物质基础,与全球水分循环和能量平衡密切相关,对气候和天气具有重要影响。本研究基于NCEP/NCAR 1948~2015年共68年月平均再分析网格点(2.5? ×2.5?)资料,分析了江淮地区(114?E^122?,28?N^34?N)空中水汽含量的时空分布特征和水汽输送特征,结果初步表明:1) 空中水汽的垂直分布特征常年稳定,水汽主要集中在600 hpa及以下;2) 68年的四季平均数据可见夏季(6~8月)的水汽含量明显高于其它季节,且以7月份的水汽最为充分。与之相对,最小值出现在冬季,春秋两季近似,介于夏冬之间;3) 梅雨期间平均水汽含量的年际变化呈现小幅波动,极大值出现在1961年,极小值则出现于2004年,最大的年较差出现在1991~1992年;4) 江淮地区乃至华东大部上空的水汽主要来自南海(4月)和孟湾(7月),且水汽含量受东亚季风影响,季节差异明显,尤以冬夏两季最为显著。Water vapor is the material base of cloud and precipitation, which is closely related to the global water cycle and energy balance, and has important influence on climate and weather. This study based on NCEP/NCAR from 1948 to 2015, a total of 68 years mean reanalysis data of grid points (2.5 ×2.5 degrees), analysis of the Yangtze-Huaihe region (114?E - 122?,28?N - 34?N) of water vapor in air of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and water vapor transport characteristics;preliminary results showed that: 1) The vertical distribution of water vapor was in the air perennial stability, mainly in 600 hPa moisture and below. 2) Seasonal average of 68 years of data shows that in summer (June to August), the moisture content is significantly higher than the other three quarters, and July posses the most adequate moisture. In contrast, the minimum amount appears in winter, spring and autumn approximation, between summer and winter. 3) Annual change in the average moisture content during the rainy season showed a slight fluctuation maxima appeared in 1961, the minimum appeared in 2004, the largest annual range appeared in the 1991 to 1992. 4) The water vapor of Yangtze-Huaihe area and even the most part of East China, mainly from the South China Sea (April) and the Bay of Bengal (July), and the moisture content is affected by the East Asian monsoon, seasonal differences are significant, especially in winter and summer.

关 键 词：江淮地区 水汽分布 变化趋势 水汽通量 梅雨期 

分 类 号：P45[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]