2008年汶川Ms8.0地震震害分布与构造关系研究  

Study on the Relationship between Earthquake Damage Distribution and Geological Structure of 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake

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作  者:刘亢[1,2] 李红光 李亦纲[1] 南燕云[1] 张迎峰 

机构地区:[1]中国地震应急搜救中心,北京 [2]河北省地震动力学重点实验室,河北 三河 [3]中国地震局地质研究所,北京

出  处:《地球科学前沿(汉斯)》2021年第11期1425-1434,共10页Advances in Geosciences

摘  要:2008年汶川Ms8.0地震发生在龙门山推覆构造带之上,造成了巨大的人员伤亡、建筑物倒塌、崩塌滑坡等震害损失。深入开展区域构造与震害分布研究,对巨灾整体灾情分布和灾害指挥作战布局具有重要的指导意义。综合分析汶川地震地表破裂、地震诱发滑坡、PGA、GPS同震位移等信息,揭示汶川地震震害分布与龙门山推覆构造带紧密相关,构造带的分布和发育程度控制了震害范围和分布特征。滑坡密度、PGA与GPS形变场均表现为椭圆形,长轴沿映秀–北川断裂分布。龙门山断裂带的分带与分段特征控制了震害的空间分布。在东西分带方面,震害主要分布在后山推覆变形带之上,前山推覆变形带次之,而松潘–甘孜褶皱带与前陆扩展变形区上震害相对较轻;在南北分段方面,震害主要分布在中段区域,北段次之,南段震害最轻。其次,彭灌杂岩这一大型地质体对于震害分布也具有影响;小鱼洞与擂鼓地区一些特殊的构造变形带存在震害低异常区,从而影响震害分布。The great Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 occurred on the Longmenshan nappe structural belt, causing huge casualties, building collapse, landslides and other seismic damage losses. Further research on regional structure and earthquake damage distribution is of great significance to the overall disaster distribution and disaster command. Based on the comprehensive analysis of surface rupture, landslide, PGA, GPS coseismic displacement, it is revealed that the distribution of Wenchuan earthquake damage is closely related to the Longmenshan nappe structure belt, and the distribution and development degree of the structuring belt controls the scope and distribution characteristics of earthquake damage. The landslide density, ground motion and GPS deformation field are oval, and the long axis is distributed along the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault. The zonation and segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone control the spatial distribution of earthquake damage. In the east-west zonation, the main distribution of earthquake damage is on the back mountain nappe deformation zone, followed by the front mountain nappe deformation zone. The Songpan-Ganzi fold belt and foreland extension deformation area suffered less earthquake damage. In the North-South segment, the earthquake damage is mainly distributed in the middle section, followed by the north section and the south section. Secondly, Pengguan complex has a great influence on the distribution of earthquake damage. Some special structural deformation zones in Xiaoyudong and Leigu areas have low seismic damage anomaly areas, which affect the distribution of seismic damage.

关 键 词:汶川地震 震害 构造 滑坡点密度 PGA GPS 

分 类 号:P31[天文地球—固体地球物理学]

 

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