穷人更短视?——威胁感知的作用及其机制  

The Poor Are More Short-Sighted?—The Role and Mechanism of Threat Perception

作　　者：杨静 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,重庆

出　　处：《心理学进展》2021年第11期2497-2504,共8页Advances in Psychology

摘　　要：2020年我国实现全面脱贫,但相对贫困还是一个长期存在的问题。同绝对贫困一样,相对贫困不仅仅是物质上的不足,同时会影响个体的生理和心理,影响个体的认知、情感乃至决策。而决策,特别是跨期决策,会进一步影响个体的未来发展,不利于个体摆脱贫困。以往研究认为贫困的个体更加短视,在跨期决策中更倾向于即时满足。而最近的研究却发现情况并不总是如此,只有在环境威胁的情况下,贫困个体才更有可能选择即时满足,即贫困和当前环境威胁共同影响个体的跨期决策。进一步研究发现环境威胁可能通过影响个体的生理(皮质醇)和心理(控制感、自我评价)进而影响跨期决策。未来研究可以进一步探索其它可能的机制以及干预方案。China has already gotten rid of poverty in an all-around way by 2020, but relative poverty is still a long-standing problem. Like absolute poverty, relative poverty not only means material deficiency, but also affects individual’s physiology and psychology, like cognition, emotion and decision-making. And the inter-temporal decision-making, will further affect the future development of individuals, which is not conducive to the individual’s escape from poverty. Previous studies have suggested that poor individuals are more short-sighted and more inclined to instant gratification in intertemporal decision-making. However, recent studies have found that this is not always so. Only in the case of environmental threats, poor people are more likely to choose instant gratification. It means poverty and current environmental threats jointly affect individual intertemporal decision-making. In recent years studies have found that environmental threats may affect the individual’s physiology (cortisol) and psychology (sense of control, self-evaluation) and then influence intertemporal decision-making. Future research can explore other possible mechanisms and intervention options.

关 键 词：贫困 跨期决策 威胁感知 环境威胁 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]