美国医疗知情同意的诞生及运用  

The Birth and Use of Medical Informed Consent in the United States

作　　者：徐琳卉 刘楠 

机构地区：[1]西南医科大学法学院,四川 泸州

出　　处：《社会科学前沿》2024年第2期809-814,共6页Advances in Social Sciences

摘　　要：美国联邦政策中的知情同意条款通过保护参与医学研究实验的人类受试者而发挥了关键作用。本文通过考虑许多具有里程碑意义的、包括那些确立了基本同意要求的案例和那些将该要求扩展到医学研究的案例,进而追溯医疗知情同意书的诞生与运用历程。除了判例法之外,还将研究刺激美国政府起草保护性立法的社会事件。最后,本文将探讨美国政策制定者为达成可接受的立法而做出的众多努力,分析的最后将讨论有关医学研究中知情同意的现行规则。Informed consent provisions in U.S. federal policy play a critical role in protecting human subjects participating in medical research experiments through the protection of subjects. The article traces the development of medical informed consent by considering a number of landmark cases, including those that established the basic consent requirement and those that extended the requirement to medical research. In addition to case law, the societal events that spurred the U.S. government to draft protective legislation will be examined. Finally, the paper will explore the numerous efforts of U.S. policymakers to arrive at acceptable legislation, and the analysis will conclude with a discussion of the current rules governing informed consent in medical research.

关 键 词：医疗知情同意 Mohr诉Williams案 Pratt诉Davis案 医学伦理 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]