降低烟叶含青的方法及措施  

Methods and Measures to Reduce the Green of Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：薛永楠 

机构地区：[1]四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司,四川 攀枝花

出　　处：《植物学研究》2024年第4期419-425,共7页Botanical Research

摘　　要：烟叶生产属于大农业生产,时间长、环节多,受烤烟品种特性、施肥、栽培技术、气候、调制措施等方面的影响较大,任何一个环节出现问题或采取的措施不当,将导致烤后烟叶质量的不理想,出现烟叶蒸片、花片、糟片、腐烂、挂灰、含青等问题。在诸多烤坏烟叶中,烟叶含青的比例尤为突出,在生产中随处可见,严重影响了烟叶质量的提升,而工业对含青烟叶的需求较少,甚至无微带青烟叶需求,这直接影响了烟农种植烤烟收益的提高,也制约了烟草行业的发展。本文从产生烟叶含青的原因分析入手,根据不同原因采取不同的方法及措施,过程中采用实地调查及烘烤试验对比的方法提出解决措施,进一步推广使用。本文从烟叶生产方面、大田管理技术、烟叶采烤技术、管理等方面着手分析烤坏烟叶产生的直接或间接原因,从平衡施肥、合理打顶留叶、提高采摘成熟度、分类编竿、科学装炕、灵活运用烘烤工艺等环节采取有效措施来解决烟叶含青的问题,取得较为突出的效果。Tobacco leaf production belongs to the big agricultural production, long time, link, the flue-cured tobacco variety characteristics, fertilization, cultivation techniques, climate, modulation measures, any link problems or improper measures, will lead to baked tobacco quality is not ideal, tobacco leaf steamed leaf, flower, bad, rot, hanging ash, containing green. In many roasted bad tobacco leaves, the proportion of green leaves containing tobacco is particularly prominent, which can be seen everywhere in production, which seriously affects the improvement of tobacco quality. However, the industrial demand for green tobacco leaves is less, or even no micro green tobacco leaves, which directly affects the improvement of tobacco farmers' flue-cured tobacco income The development of the tobacco industry. This paper starts with the analysis of the causes of green tobacco leaves, and adopts different methods and measures according to different reasons. In the process, the methods of field investigation and baking test comparison are adopted to propose the solutions, and further popularized the use. From the aspects of tobacco production, field management technology, tobacco curing technology, management, to analyze the direct or indirect causes of the bad tobacco leaves, from balanced fertilization, reasonable hit leaves, improve picking maturity, sorting pole, scientific kang, flexible use of baking process to take effective measures to solve the problem of tobacco leaf containing green, obtain more outstanding effect.

关 键 词：含青 平衡施肥 打顶留叶 成熟度 中温中湿 

分 类 号：S57[农业科学—作物学]