基于质体基因组序列变异位点的松科油杉属和冷杉属植物资源遗传多样性的分子鉴定新方法  

A Novel Method for Molecular Identification of Genetic Diversity of Plant Resources in Abies Mill. and Keteleeria Carrière (Pinaceae) Based on Taxon-Specific Variable Nucleotide Characters from Complete Plastomes

作　　者：刘美辰 李斌[2,3] 左云娟 靳晓白 索志立[7] 

机构地区：[1]北京市食品检验研究院(北京市食品安全监控和风险评估中心),北京 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京 [3]中国林业科学研究院林木遗传和育种国家重点实验室,北京 [4]中国科学院东南亚生物多样性研究中心,云南 西双版纳 [5]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园综合保护中心,云南西双版纳 [6]国家植物园,北京 [7]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京

出　　处：《植物学研究》2024年第4期434-445,共12页Botanical Research

摘　　要：物种多样性的精确鉴定是植物资源可持续利用的基础。油杉属和冷杉属是松科内的2个近缘的属。我们利用油杉属和冷杉属的种/变种的质体基因组序列中的物种特有的107个核苷酸变异位点作为分子性状首次编制分子鉴定检索表,供试样品得到成功鉴定。物种特有变异位点的数量和核苷酸构成存在种间差异。铁坚油杉(原变种)Keteleeria davidiana (C.E. Bertrand) var. Davidiana (44个)的特有变异位点的数量最多,随后依次是云南油杉Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. (34)、库页冷杉Abies sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Mast. (19)以及白叶冷杉Abies veitchii Lindl. (10)。铁坚油杉(原变种)的特有变异位点中,T的比例(36.36%)最高,随后依次是A (29.55%)、G (20.45%)和C (13.64%),T的比例为C的比例的约2.6倍。云南油杉的特有变异位点中,A的比例(50.00%)最高,是T或C的比例(17.65%)的约2.8倍,是G的比例(14.71%)的约3.4倍。库页冷杉的特有变异位点中,C的比例(31.58%)最高,随后依次是T (26.32%)、A (21.05%)和G (21.05%),C的比例为A或G的比例的1.5倍。白叶冷杉的特有变异位点中,C的比例(30.00%)最高,是另外3种核苷酸(A、C或G)比例的1.5倍。结果显示,质体基因组的单核苷酸变异位点信息,可用于油杉属和冷杉属植物资源遗传多样性的分子鉴定。调查了中国过去120多年油杉属和冷杉属植物标本的收集现状,讨论了存在的问题和对策。本研究对于油杉属和冷杉属植物的分类修订、种质资源的保护和利用具有重要价值。Accurate identification of genetic diversity at species/varietas levels is essential for sustainable utilization of plant resources. The genus Abies Mill. and Keteleeria Carrière are two closely related plant groups in the Pinaceae. In this paper, 107 taxon-specific variable nucleotide characters in the plastomes of species/varietas from Abies and Keteleeria were used as molecular traits to identify the plant genetic resource diversity of these plant genera and to compile a molecular classification key for the first time. There are differences in aspects of amount and base composition of variable nucleotide characters among the species/varietas. The amount of taxon-specific variable nucleotide characters in Keteleeria davidiana (C.E. Bertrand) Beissn. var. davidiana (44) is the highest, higher than that in Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. (34) or Abies sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Mast. (19) or Abies veitchii Lindl.(10). In Keteleeria davidiana (C.E. Bertrand) Beissn. var. davidiana, the proportion of T(36.36%) ishigher than that of A(29.55%), or G(20.45%), C (13.64%) and is 2.6 times that of C. In Keteleeria evelyniana, the proportion of A (50.00%) is the highest and is 2.7 times that of T or C (17.65%), and 3.4 times that of G (14.71%). In Abies sachalinensis, the proportion of C (31.58%) is the highest, higher than T (26.32%), A (21.05%) or G (21.05%), and is 1.5 times that of A or G. In Abies veitchii, the proportion of C (30.00%) is the highest, 1.5 times that of each of the other three nucleotides. Our results indicated that taxon-specific variable nucleotide characters from the plastomes could be used for distinguishing different species successfully in the genus Abies and Keteleeria. The status of Abies and Keteleeria plant specimens collected in the past over 120 years in China is investigated and problems and possible strategies have been discussed. This study is valuable for taxonomic revision, conservation and utilization of Abies and Keteleeria plant germplasm resources.

关 键 词：松科 油杉属 冷杉属 植物资源多样性 质体基因组 核苷酸变异位点 分子鉴定 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]