2024年贵州首次寒潮天气过程浅析及其对农业生产的影响研究  

A Brief Analysis of the First Cold Wave Weather in Guizhou Province in 2024 and Its Impact on Agricultural Production

作　　者：唐辟如 谭文 罗雄 崔蕾 罗楠 罗喜平 喻乙耽 

机构地区：[1]贵州省生态与农业气象中心,贵州 贵阳 [2]贵州省气象台,贵州 贵阳 [3]贵州省气候中心,贵州 贵阳

出　　处：《气候变化研究快报》2024年第4期907-915,共9页Climate Change Research Letters

摘　　要：本研究以期为相关部门及农户在应对寒潮等灾害性天气过程时,降低损失、保障生产生活安全提供一定的依据。本研究利用Micaps基于常规气象观测,对2024年贵州省首次寒潮天气过程的环流背景、物理量场等方面进行分析,探讨了本次寒潮天气过程的演变形势和成因,同时,结合农业气象灾害实地调查资料,针对此次过程对我省农业生产影响进行了研究分析,并针对寒潮天气提出了建议措施。结果表明:地面冷空气在500 hPa高空槽的引导下不断南下,受源源不断的冷空气补充及中层西南暖湿气流的共同影响是此次寒潮天气的成因;本次寒潮天气过程对本省农业生产有利有弊,总体来说利大于弊,一方面利于调整作物生长节律、冻杀越冬虫卵和幼虫,抑制病害发展蔓延、土壤增墒,有效补充土壤水分,缓解了我省的南部和西部旱情。另一方面部分高海拔地区极端气温低、日最低气温 ≤ 0℃以及积雪日数持续时间长,导致部分油菜以及露地蔬菜受冻,对其产量造成一定影响,同时对部分大棚设施造成轻度灾害。This study aims to provide a certain basis for relevant departments and farmers to reduce losses and ensure the safety of production and life when dealing with cold wave and other disastrous weather processes. Using Micaps based on conventional meteorological observations, this paper analyzes the circulation background, physical fields and other aspects of the first cold wave weather process in Guizhou Province in 2024, and discusses the evolution and causes of this cold wave weather process. At the same time, combined with agricultural meteorological disasters Field investigation data were used to study and analyze the impact of this process on agricultural production in our province, and the cold wave weather process was recommended measures are proposed. The results showed that the cold air on the ground continued to move southward under the guidance of the 500 hPa high-altitude trough, and was affected by the source. The combined influence of constant cold air replenishment and mid-level southwest warm and humid airflow is the cause of this cold wave weather;this cold wave weather process has both advantages and disadvantages for the province’s agricultural production. Generally speaking, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. On the one hand, it is helpful to adjust the crop growth rhythm, Freeze kills overwintering insect eggs and larvae, inhibits the development and spread of diseases, increases soil moisture, effectively replenishes soil moisture, and alleviates drought in the southern and western parts of our province. On the other hand, some high-altitude areas have extremely low temperatures, daily minimum temperatures ≤ 0˚C, and long-lasting snow days, causing some rapeseed and open-field vegetables to freeze, which has a certain impact on their yields and also caused minor damage to some greenhouse facilities.

关 键 词：寒潮 农业 高空槽 低温冻害 

分 类 号：P45[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]