论复议机关作共同被告的困境与未来  

On the Dilemma and Future of Reconsideration Organs as Co-Defendants

作　　者：王舒婷 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,山东 青岛

出　　处：《争议解决》2023年第1期323-331,共9页Dispute Settlement

摘　　要：自2014年《行政诉讼法》修改至今,复议机关作共同被告制度从各项数据上显示并没有实现预期目标,存在着制度陷阱及理论上的自我矛盾,只是产生短暂的“应急反应”,从长远来看对倒逼复议机关认真履行职责意义不大。立法机关也逐渐认识到这个潜在问题,在2020年11月发布的《中华人民共和国行政复议法(修订) (征求意见稿)》(以下简称《征求意见稿》)第十条取消了“双被告”制度,但对“双被告”制度取消后对复议决定的审查与效力问题上存在立法空白,笔者针对上述问题提出合理构想并对之后行政复议未来的体系建设提供一些方案。笔者认为应当建立复议机关的正向激励(压力)的内外监督纠错体系、加大行政复议中程序思维、发挥复议机关“第三人裁决”的中立属性等制度,各方面共同发力,使行政复议成为化解行政争议的主渠道的想法真正落地。Since the revision of the Administrative Procedure Law in 2014, various data shows that the system of recon-sideration organs as co-defendants has not achieved the expected goals, and there are system traps and theoretical self-contradictions. It only produces a temporary “emergency response”, which is of little significance in forcing reconsideration organs to conscientiously perform their duties in the long run. The legislature has gradually realized this potential problem. In Article 10 of the Admin-istrative Review Law of the People’s Republic of China (Revised) (Draft for Comment) issued in No-vember 2020 (hereinafter referred to as the Draft for Comment), the “double defendant” system was cancelled. However, there is a legislative blank regarding the review and validity of reconsider-ation decisions after the cancellation of the “double defendant” system. The author gives a reasona-ble conception of these problems and provides some schemes for the future system construction of administrative reconsideration. The author believes that the internal and external supervision and correction system of positive incentive (pressure) of reconsideration organs should be established, the procedural thinking should be strengthened in administrative reconsideration organs, and the neutral property of “third party ruling” of reconsideration organs should be brought into play. All parties should make joint efforts. The idea that administrative reconsideration becomes the main channel to resolve administrative disputes is really implemented.

关 键 词：行政复议 行政诉讼 共同被告 监督机制 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]