欧盟新补贴条例对跨境补贴的规制及我国应对策略  

The Regulation of the EU’s New Subsidy Regulations on Cross-Border Subsidies and the China’s Countermeasures

作　　者：魏长睿 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海

出　　处：《争议解决》2023年第4期1203-1211,共7页Dispute Settlement

摘　　要：时至今日,反补贴已由单纯的货物贸易救济领域拓展延伸至跨境服务、投资领域,体现出更灵活复杂的倾向,原有的反补贴工具难以抵消在国际竞争中外国补贴对于市场的扭曲作用。欧盟推出新的反补贴条例旨在主导推动跨境补贴规则的变革,对欧盟来说该条例具有填补监管漏洞、遏制中国发展、取得竞争优势等多方面积极意义,但同时也揭示出其贸易保护主义抬头的趋势。然而该条例将竞争法与贸易救济法的粗糙结合还有待进一步完善,在实体条款上可能违反WTO相关义务,程序设计上给相关主体强加了过重的负担。在跨境补贴的规制方面,与之并行的路径是扩大原有补贴规则的适用范围和在对外缔结的双边自由贸易协定中强化其补贴纪律,相关动向值得我国重视。对此,我国应当推动国有企业的相关改革以回应反补贴调查中的公共机构认定问题,多方面多渠道质疑《外国补贴条例》WTO合规性,建立国内对等的反补贴规则,同时积极参与国际反补贴规则的制定。Nowadays, countervailing has expanded from the simple trade remedy field of goods to the field of cross-border services and investment, showing a more flexible and complex tendency. The original countervailing tools can hardly offset the distorting effect of foreign subsidies on the market in in-ternational competition. The new anti-subsidy regulation introduced by the EU aims to lead the re-form of cross-border subsidy rules. For the EU, this regulation has positive significance in many as-pects, such as filling regulatory loopholes, containing China’s development and gaining competitive advantages, but at the same time, it also reveals the rising trend of trade protectionism. However, the rough combination of competition law and trade remedy law in this regulation needs to be fur-ther improved. In terms of substantive provisions, it may violate the relevant WTO obligations, and in terms of procedural design, it imposes excessive burdens on relevant subjects. In terms of the regulation of cross-border subsidies, the parallel path is to expand the scope of application of the original subsidy rules and strengthen the subsidy discipline in bilateral free trade agreements con-cluded with foreign countries. The relevant trend is worth our attention. In this regard, we should promote the relevant reforms of state-owned enterprises in response to the identification of public institutions in countervailing investigations, challenge the WTO compliance of the Foreign Subsidies Regulation through many channels and in many ways, establish domestic reciprocal countervailing rules, and actively participate in the formulation of international countervailing rules.

关 键 词：反补贴措施 跨境补贴 外国补贴条例 贸易救济 欧盟法 

分 类 号：F75[经济管理—国际贸易]