试论无因管理的适法性——兼论《民法典》第979、980条之适用  

On the Justification of Negotiorum Gestio—Analysis of Article 979 and 980 Civil Code

作　　者：王秋实 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院,上海

出　　处：《争议解决》2023年第4期1343-1351,共9页Dispute Settlement

摘　　要：适法与不适法无因管理虽然从体系上因管理人具有利他的管理意思同归属于真正的无因管理,但因其对他人的意思自治和利益领域影响的程度不同,基于对“禁止干预他人事务”与“奖励人类互助精神”两种制度价值的平衡,二者对于权利的享有以及义务和责任的承担也应当不同。理论界通说将《民法典》第979条第2款及第980条视为调整“不适法无因管理”之新规,然则因该条款文义表述含混有疑,以致司法理解与理论诠释尚存偏差,实践适用极为有限,立法目的难以实现。究其原因,在于不适法无因管理之认定及法效果仍有争议。鉴之,对无因管理适法性及其法律效果之区分实属必要。本文在对适法和不适法无因管理进行区分,即在厘清适法事由的标准的基础之上,探讨适法和不适法无因管理的产生的法律效果的区别,并以目的论视角从法价值角度对《民法典》第979条、第980条的文义表述予以解释,以期对无因管理制度之中的适法性的深化理解以及相关条文的司法适用有所裨益。Justified negotiorum gestio and unjustified negotiorum gestio, both of which are with the will of benefiting others, are belong to negotiorum gestio. Based on the balance of the two institutional values of “prohibiting interference in the affairs of others” and “rewarding the spirit of mutual assistance among mankind”, they have different effects on the autonomy and interests of others. Therefore, they are given different rights and obligations. It is generally believed that articles 979 and 980 of the Civil Code are new rules to apply to the unjustified negotiorum gestio in the doctrine. However, the vague expression of the article leads to the deviation of understanding. Ultimately, its identification and legal effect are disputed. It is necessary to clarify the justification for gestio negotiorum. In this paper, on the basis of clarifying the justified causes, I will explore the difference between the legal effects of justified negotiorum gestio and unjustified negotiorum gestio. Then, Article 979 and 980 of the Civil Code are explained from the perspective of teleological theory. It is hoped that it will be in favor of understanding the justification for gestio negotiorum and the judicial application of relevant provisions.

关 键 词：无因管理 适法性 受益人 管理人 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]