道德可以由法律强制吗——基于沃尔芬登报告的分析  

Can Morality Be Enforced by Law—An Analysis Based on the Wolfenden Report

作　　者：马艺洹 

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院法律学院,上海

出　　处：《争议解决》2023年第5期2106-2112,共7页Dispute Settlement

摘　　要：英国政府在20世纪中叶严重的“道德危机”威胁下,任命沃尔芬登委员会处理当时泛滥的卖淫与同性恋问题,后委员会发布了影响深远的《沃尔芬登报告》,该报告引发了著名的德富林与哈特的法学论战。德富林针对该报告提出了道德的法律强制理论,此观点遭到诸多自由主义者的反对,时至今日学界也大多对其进行否定性评价,认为这是对自由主义的破坏,可能导致民粹主义、家长主义的盛行。然而德富林对于沃尔芬登报的批判所表达的思想并非是通过法律手段强制公民有道德,沃尔芬登报本身原则性界限的提出也有其固有缺陷。本文立足于这场法学论战,试图分析德富林的道德法律强制理论的合理性,寻找论战的争议核心并探寻该论战的现实意义,为进一步弘扬法治提供有益的启示。Under the threat of a serious “moral crisis” in the middle of the 20th century, the British government appointed the Wolfenden Commission to deal with the rampant prostitution and homosexuality issues at the time, and then the Commission issued the far-reaching “Wolfenden Report”, which triggered the famous Devlin and Hart’s Jurisprudence Debate. Devlin put forward the theory of legal coercion of morality in response to the report. This view was opposed by many liberals, and most of the academic circles still evaluate it negatively. They believe that this is a destruction of liberalism and may lead to the prevalence of populism and paternalism. However, the idea expressed by Devlin’s criticism of the Wolfenden Report does not mean to force citizens to be moral through legal means, and the principled boundaries proposed by the Wolfenden Report also have their inherent flaws. Based on this Legal Debate, this article tries to analyze the rationality of Devlin’s theory of moral and legal coercion, finds the core of the debate and explores the practical significance of the debate, so as to provide useful enlightenment for further promoting the rule of law.

关 键 词：沃尔芬登报告 道德的法律强制 自由主义 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]