追索流失日本文物的国际软法路径  

International Soft Law Paths for the Retrieval of Cultural Relics Lost in Japan

作　　者：杨婧 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海

出　　处：《争议解决》2023年第6期2608-2615,共8页Dispute Settlement

摘　　要：日本在侵华时期曾非法转移我国大量文物,这些文物今日流失在日本各地。以传统的法律手段追索这些文物不具有可行性:一方面,二战前后有关战时文物返还的国际公约无法直接适用;另一方面,既往的对日民间诉讼结果反映了日本法院对战争索赔案件持否定态度。此外,我国立法层面的缺失和日方不愿正视历史的事实也加深了文物追索的难度。在此情况下,国际软法因其独特的灵活性、倡议性质和道德性质而成为可利用的工具,此类软法包含联合国大会的决议、有关国家关于劫物返还的宣言等。我国应当重视这些国际软法的运用,从国内和国际两个层面积极推进流失日本文物的追索,如完善立法、鼓励民间运动、外交手段等。Japan used to illegally transfer a large number of Chinese cultural relics during its invasion and these relics are today lost throughout Japan. Traditional legal means of retrieving them are not feasible. For one thing, international conventions on the return of wartime cultural relics after World War II cannot be directly applied. For another, the results of previous civil lawsuits indicated the negative attitude of Japanese courts towards war claims. Lack of legislation in China as well as Japan's unwillingness to face up to history makes the retrieval even harder. Under these circumstances, international soft law becomes available due to its flexibility, nature of advice and moral character, including the resolutions passed in the General Assembly, relevant international declarations, etc. China should attach great importance to the application of soft law and press forward the restitution of cultural relics from Japan both domestically and internationally through the ways like perfecting legislation, encouraging campaigns and diplomacy.

关 键 词：流失文物追索 文物返还 国际软法 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]