浅析约定解除权的规范适用  

On the Normative Application of the Right to Rescission of Agreements

作　　者：高雨 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海

出　　处：《争议解决》2023年第6期2785-2792,共8页Dispute Settlement

摘　　要：约定解除权是法律规范对于当事人之间主观偏好的特殊安排,在《全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要》第47条以及《最高人民法院关于合同编通则部分的解释(征求意见稿)》中第55条第1款强调对约定解除权进行限制,注重考虑违约程度、合同履行情况等多种因素进行考量。本文通过对我国的司法实践以及域外法学者理论层面对该举的正当性进行论述。裁判者多采用限制约定解除权的做法,易架空约定解除权的功能;通过对违约酌减规则的类推干预约定解除权的行使,违反立法的目的与计划;现行法律规范制度之下的规则足以应对约定解除可能引发的一系列的利益失衡问题。《民法典》未承认上述规则的做法,期待裁判者切勿过度干预当事人之间意思自治,尊重双方的交易偏好。The right to terminate an agreement is a special arrangement of subjective preferences between parties in legal norms. In Article 47 of the “Minutes of the National Court Civil and Commercial Trial Work Conference” and Article 55 (1) of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on the General Principles of Contract Compilation of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (Draft for Soliciting Opinions), it emphasizes the limitation of the right to terminate an agreement, and emphasizes the consideration of various factors such as the degree of breach of contract and contract performance. This article discusses the legitimacy of this action through the judicial practice in China and the theoretical level of foreign law scholars. Judges often use the practice of limiting the right to terminate agreements, which can easily overlook the function of the right to terminate agreements;The exercise of the right of preappointment termination through analogy with the rules of default discretion violates the purpose and plan of legislation;The rules under the current legal regulatory system are sufficient to address a series of interest imbalances that may arise from the termination of agreements. The Civil Code does not recognize the practice of the above rules, and it is expected that judges will not excessively interfere with the autonomy of the parties and respect the trading preferences of both parties.

关 键 词：约定解除权 违约程度 解除权限制 意思自治 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]