“三孩”政策下生育保障立法完善研究  

Research on the Improvement of Maternity Protection Legislation under the “Three-Child” Policy

作　　者：蔚维维 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学法学院,山东 青岛

出　　处：《争议解决》2023年第6期3304-3309,共6页Dispute Settlement

摘　　要：近年来,为了缓解人口老龄化、生育率不断下降、男女出生比例失衡等问题,生育政策不断放开。从独生子女政策到“二孩”政策再到2021年国家提倡适龄生育、优生优育,一对夫妻可以生育三个子女,这一系列的政策变化表明我国逐渐从“严格控制”型生育政策转向“适度鼓励”型生育政策。生育政策的调整使育龄女性在“劳动者”与“生育者”两种身份间的博弈愈加明显,不仅加剧了职业女性在“生”与“升”之间进行选择的困扰,还让用人单位陷于“节约用人成本实现效益最大化”与“避免招聘性别歧视保障职工生育权益”的矛盾境况。在贯彻实施“三孩”政策的同时又能切实地保障妇女权益,生育保障立法大有可为。然而,我国现行生育保障立法存在缺乏性别意识,重“生”轻“育”,法律责任不明等问题。为此,我们需要从这三个方面完善我国生育保障立法,构建以家庭为单位,“生”“育”并重,法律责任明确的生育保障立法。In recent years, in order to alleviate the problems of aging population, declining fertility rate, and imbalance in the ratio of male to fe-male births, the birth policy has been continuously liberalized. From the one-child policy to the “two-child” policy to the state’s promotion of age-appropriate childbirth, eugenics and childbearing in 2021, a couple can have three children, this series of policy changes shows that China is gradually shifting from a “strictly controlled” birth policy to a “moderately encouraged” birth policy. The ad-justment of the birth policy has made the game between the two identities of “laborer” and “child-bearer” of women of childbearing age more obvious, which not only aggravates the trouble of professional women choosing between “birth” and “promotion”, but also puts employers in the con-tradiction of “saving employment costs to maximize benefits” and “avoiding gender discrimination in recruitment and protecting employees’ reproductive rights”. While implementing the “three-child” policy, women’s rights and interests can be effectively protected, and the legislation on maternity protection has great potential. However, China’s current maternity protection legislation has problems such as lack of gender awareness, emphasis on “birth” over “childbirth”, and unclear legal responsibility. To this end, we need to improve China’s maternity security legislation from these three aspects, and build a family-based maternity security legislation that pays equal attention to “birth” and “childbirth” and has clear legal responsibilities.

关 键 词：生育保障 立法完善 陪产假制度 生育保险制度 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]