论通谋虚伪表示一般化与特别化不得对抗善意第三人规则  

On Collusion and Hypocrisy, Generalization and Specialization Must not Conflict with the Bona Fide Third Party Rule

作　　者：邓继圣 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海

出　　处：《争议解决》2024年第3期43-50,共8页Dispute Settlement

摘　　要：通谋虚伪表示作为意思表示重要的制度之一,其究竟产生何种效力一直饱受分歧。这不仅源于需要对表意人和相对人的真意进行保护而彰显私法自治,同时,又需要对信赖表示行为的善意第三人的合理信赖加以保障从而维护信赖法理,二者的交锋与对峙产生了虚伪表示不得对抗第三人一般化与特别化的保护规则。《民法典》承继过去《民法总则》(已废止)的规定,于其第146条采纳通谋虚伪表示的绝对无效,形成了不设立一般化规则,由分编特别化的虚伪表示对抗规则来保护善意第三人信赖的模式。一国的立法适应其本国的法律体系,本文在比较法的视野下探寻各国对虚伪表示对抗规则的模式选择与其体系适配性,同时反思我国当前的模式选择,即我国分编的特别化规则是否能够满足实践不同案型下对善意第三人的保护,以及在假象我国增设一般化规则的情况下是否能同分编的规则相匹配。As one of the important systems for expressing intentions, the effectiveness of collusion and false representation has always been controversial. This is not only due to the need to protect the true intentions of the expressing party and the counterpart, demonstrating private law autonomy, but also to safeguard the reasonable trust of the third party in good faith in the act of expressing trust, in order to maintain the legal principles of trust. The confrontation and confrontation between the two have resulted in a hypocritical expression that cannot be generalized or specialized in protecting against third parties. The Civil Code inherits the provisions of the General Principles of the Civil Code (which has been abolished) and adopts the absolute invalidity of collusion and hypocrisy in Article 146, forming a model of not establishing general rules and using specialized hypocrisy and confrontation rules to protect the trust of third parties in good faith. The legislation of a country is adapted to its own legal system. This article explores the mode selection and system adaptability of the adversarial rule of false representation in various countries from the perspective of comparative law. At the same time, it reflects on the current mode selection in China, that is, whether the specialized rules of China’s division can meet the protection of third parties in good faith under different types of cases in practice, and whether it can match the rules of the division under the illusion of adding general rules in China.

关 键 词：通谋虚伪表示 无效 虚伪表示不得对抗规则 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]