论无因管理中的必要费用与损失  

Necessary Expenses and Losses in Causeless Management

作　　者：黄钰州 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海

出　　处：《争议解决》2024年第5期80-86,共7页Dispute Settlement

摘　　要：在私法效果层面,无因管理制度的规范意旨应限定于免除管理人实施管理行为的后顾之忧。对管理人之管理行为的鼓励,则属于法政策考量的内容。学说上“费用–损失”之划分框架在简洁与可操作性上均不足够。不妨根据法效果的差异,将管理人的成本划分为必要费用与损失两类。必要费用指管理人实施管理所承担的客观必要成本,管理事务之典型危险现实化所致的损失,亦属于客观必要成本,与管理人的主观意志无关,受益人需全额偿还。为避免给受益人造成过重负担,必要费用应以受益人的实际受益为上限。此外,凡管理人支出之成本超出必要费用者,皆属损失,由法院综合考量管理人的成本大小,受益人与管理人的经济水平以及受益人的受益情况等多种因素酌定裁量。At the level of private law effectiveness, the normative intent of the system of unconditional management should be limited to exempting managers from the worries of implementing management actions. Encouraging the management behavior of managers is a matter of legal and policy considerations. The theoretical framework for dividing “cost loss” is not concise enough in terms of simplicity and operability. According to the differences in legal effects, the costs of managers can be divided into two categories: necessary expenses and losses. Necessary expenses refer to the objective and necessary costs borne by the manager in implementing management, and the losses caused by the realization of typical risks in management affairs are also objective and necessary costs, which are not related to the subjective will of the manager. The beneficiary needs to fully repay them. To avoid burdening beneficiaries excessively, necessary expenses should be limited to the actual benefits of the beneficiaries. In addition, any expenses incurred by the manager exceeding the necessary expenses are considered losses, and the court shall make a comprehensive judgment based on various factors such as the size of the manager’s costs, the economic level of the beneficiaries and managers, and the beneficiary’s benefit situation.

关 键 词：规范意旨 必要费用 损失 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]