宪法视域下我国婚检制度优化研究  

Research on the Optimization of China’s Premarital Examination System from the Perspective of Constitution

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作  者:苑天乐 

机构地区:[1]天津大学法学院,天津

出  处:《争议解决》2025年第2期140-151,共12页Dispute Settlement

摘  要:婚检制度背后的宪法价值主要体现在“受国家保护的家庭健康”与“受国家尊重的婚姻自由”这两项。随着《民法典》的实施和婚姻观念的转变,现在结婚已经被视为可以由男女双方自主决定的“私事”,因此国家也应更倾向于尊重当事人的婚姻自由。从制度沿革上看,婚检的主要目的就是检验当事人“是否患有禁止结婚的疾病”。在“疾病婚禁婚”规定被废除后,强制婚检未能通过比例原则的检验,缺乏目的正当性、适当性和必要性,继续维持自愿婚检是当前我国婚检制度发展的必然趋势。在推行自愿婚检的过程中,应妥善处理“疾病婚撤销案件中患病方配偶举证困难”这一问题,构建真正符合我国国情的自愿婚检制度。The constitutional value behind the premarital examination system is mainly reflected in the two items of “family health protected by the state” and “marriage freedom respected by the state”. With the implementation of the Civil Code and the change in the concept of marriage, marriage has now been regarded as a “private matter” that can be decided by both men and women, so the state should be more inclined to respect the freedom of marriage of the parties. From the perspective of institutional history, the main purpose of pre-marriage examination is to test whether the parties “suffer from diseases that prohibit marriage.” After the “prohibition of marriage due to illness” was abolished, the compulsory pre-marriage examination failed to pass the test of the principle of proportion, and lacked the legitimacy, appropriateness and necessity of the purpose. In the process of carrying out the voluntary pre-marital examination, we should properly deal with the problem of “the spouse of the sick party is difficult to prove in the case of illness annulment of marriage”, and build a voluntary pre-marital examination system that really conforms to our country’s national conditions.

关 键 词:婚前医学检查 自愿婚检 婚姻自主权 宪法价值 比例原则 

分 类 号:R16[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]

 

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