不同肥料组合对稻油轮作下土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizer Combinations on Soil Nutrients under Rice-Rape Rotation

作　　者：闫波 

机构地区：[1]陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,陕西 西安 [2]陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司,陕西 西安 [3]自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室,陕西 西安 [4]陕西省土地整治工程技术研究中心,陕西 西安

出　　处：《农业科学》2020年第9期706-713,共8页Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为探明不同肥料品种对耕地的培肥效果,选用羊粪、商品有机肥作为有机改良剂,尿素、包膜尿素、磷酸二铵、过磷酸钙、硫酸钾、氯化钾,硅肥、硼肥等化肥作为无机改良剂,以单施尿素 + 磷酸二铵 + 硫酸钾为对照,通过水稻–油菜盆栽试验,研究其对土壤理化性质及水稻、油菜产量的影响,得出以下结论:1) 在2年水稻–油菜复种中,随着种植年限的增加,土壤有效磷、速效钾含量均呈增加趋势;2) 施用有机肥处理土壤有机质含量高于单施化肥处理,施用羊粪处理与施用商品有机肥处理土壤有机质含量差异不显著。3) 施用尿素处理土壤硝态氮与施用包膜尿素处理差异不显著;4) 施用磷酸二铵处理土壤有效磷含量高于施用过磷酸钙处理,但二者之间无显著差异;5) 综合土壤养分含量及作物需求评价各肥料组合,包膜尿素 + 磷酸二铵 + 氯化钾 + 羊粪为最佳的肥料组合。In order to ascertain the fertilization effects of different fertilizer varieties on cultivated land, sheep manure and commercial organic fertilizers were selected as organic amendments;urea, coated urea, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, chemical fertilizers such as silicon fertilizer and boron fertilizer are used as inorganic modifiers. With single application of urea + diammonium phosphate + potassium sulfate as a control, the effects on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the yield of rice and rape were studied through a rice-rape pot experiment. Conclusion: 1) In the two-year rice-rape multi-cropping, with the increase of planting years, the soil available phosphorus and available potassium content both increased;2) The soil organic matter content in the treatment of organic fertilizer was higher than that of single application of chemical fertilizer. There was no significant difference in soil organic matter content between the treatment with sheep manure and the treatment with commercial organic fertilizer. 3) There is no significant difference between urea treatment and coated urea treatment;4) The soil available phosphorus content in the treatment of diammonium phosphate is higher than that in the treatment of superphosphate, but there is no significant difference between the two;5) Evaluating various fertilizer combinations according to soil nutrient content and crop demand, coated urea + diammonium phosphate + potassium chloride + sheep manure is the best fertilizer combination.

关 键 词：土壤 养分 水稻 油菜 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]