高强度地膜对盐碱地滴灌棉花生长发育及其产量提升效果研究  

Study on Effects of High Strength Mulching Film on Growth and Yield Improvement of Drip Irrigation Cotton in Saline-Alkali Soil

作　　者：陈兵[1] 侯东生[1] 夏春兰 

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院,新疆 石河子

出　　处：《农业科学》2021年第5期441-448,共8页Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：目的:明确不同类型高强度地膜对滴灌棉花生长发育及其产量提升效果,为高强度地膜在棉花上的应用提供基础。方法:在南北疆设置5个不同类型地膜覆盖方式,分析不同地膜方式对地温增加效应,对棉花生长发育的影响,对产量的提升效果和地膜回收效果。结果:随着高强度地膜的厚度的增加,增温效果增加,与对照相比,高于0.008 mm (处理1,3,4)增温效果较好,增温0℃~0.90℃之间,对棉花的生长发育具有一定的促进作用,提前1~4天,株高增加0.1~5 cm,霜前化率提高0.5%~2%,干物质积累量增加约40千克/株,提高产量4.5%以上,地膜回收率提高15%。厚度低于0.008 mm (处理2)增温效果最差,减缓了棉花的生长发育,减少了棉花的产量,地膜回收率也低。结论:综合考虑,建议生产上使用高强度厚度高0.008 mm地膜。Aim: To determine the effects of different types of high strength plastic film on the growth and development and yield improvement of cotton under drip irrigation, so as to provide the basis for the application of high strength plastic film in cotton. Methods: Five different types of plastic film mulching methods were set up in southern and northern Xinjiang, and the effects of different plastic film mulching methods on soil temperature increase, cotton growth and development, yield improvement and plastic film recovery were analyzed. Results: with the increase of the thickness of high strength plastic film, the warming effect increased. Compared with the control, the warming effect was better than that of 0.008 mm (treatment 1, 3, 4). The temperature increase was between 0˚C and 0.90˚C. The plant height, prefrost rate and dry matter accumulation increased by 0.1~5 cm, 0.5%~2% and 40 kg/plant 1~4 days ahead of schedule. The yield was increased by more than 4.5%, and the recovery rate of plastic film was increased by 15%. When the thickness was lower than that of 0.008mm (treatment 2), the warming effect was the worst, which slowed down the growth and development of cotton, reduced the yield of cotton, and the recovery rate of plastic film was also low. Conclusion: Considering comprehensively, it is suggested to use high strength and high thickness 0.008mm plastic film in production.

关 键 词：棉花 高强度地膜 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]