9种药剂处理对番荔枝坐果率的影响  

Effect of Nine Chemical Treatments on Fruit Setting Rate of Sugar Apple

作　　者：何书强 张蕾[1,2] 杨子琴 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南 海口 [2]国家热带果树品种改良中心,海南 海口

出　　处：《农业科学》2023年第8期733-739,共7页Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：番荔枝的花为两性花,雌蕊先于雄蕊成熟,因此生产上往往需要人工授粉,这大大增加了劳动成本,本研究比较了不授粉情况下9种药剂对番荔枝坐果的影响,检测了其中4种复配药剂对番荔枝坐果的影响,并检测坐果最佳的处理与人工授粉的番荔枝投入、产量、品质的差异。结果表明:只有喷0.02 mmol/L水杨酸、5 mg/L氯吡脲及100 mg/L甘露醇硼的树体有少量坐果;坐果率最高的复配药剂处理是0.02 mmol/L水杨酸 + 5 mg/L氯吡脲 + 100 mg/L甘露醇硼组合,坐果率可达40%,且喷施的果实发育正常。喷施复配药剂所结的果实畸形率比人工授粉的高5%,可食率高13.8%,单果重与人工授粉所结果实相当,亩产比人工授粉的高200 kg左右,人工成本下降了700~1000元/亩。综上认为喷施复配坐果药剂可代替人工授粉提高番荔枝坐果率。Sugar apple flower is sexual flowers, pistils mature before stamens, so production often needs artificial pollination, which greatly increases the labor cost, this study compared the effect of nine agents on the sugar apple fruit without pollination, detected the effect of 4 compound agents on sugar apple fruit, and detected the difference of input, yield, quality between the fruit best treatment and artificial pollination sugar apple. The results showed that only trees sprayed with 0.02 mmol/L salicylic acid, 5 mg/L clopirea and 100 mg/L mannitol boron had a small amount of fruit setting. The compound treatment with the highest fruit setting rate is 0.02 mmol/L salicylic acid + 5 mg/L clopirea + 100 mg/L mannitol boron combination, with a fruit setting rate of up to 40%, and the fruit developed normally. The deformity rate of fruit produced by spraying compound agent is 5% higher than that of artificial pollination, and the edible rate is 13.8% higher. The single fruit weight is similar to that of artificial pollination. The per mu yield is 200 kg higher than that of artificial pol-lination, and the labor cost has decreased by 700~1000 yuan/mu. In conclusion, it is believed that spraying the compound fruit setting medicine can effectively replace artificial pollination to improve the sugar apple fruit setting rate.

关 键 词：番荔枝 人工授粉 免授粉 坐果 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]