干旱区新疆农田土肥水影响效应  

Effects of Soil, Fertilizer, and Water on Farmland in Arid Areas of Xinjiang

作　　者：余姣 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区塔里木河流域喀什管理局,新疆 莎车

出　　处：《农业科学》2023年第10期879-889,共11页Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为分析干旱新疆农田土肥水影响效应,本文利用农业生产统计资料,应用逐步回归统计检验法,对多因素与目标投入产出指标筛选分析,形成了反映农田投入产出主题–土壤质地面积占比、化肥纯施用量、灌溉用水量与主要作物产量关系,采用柯布道格拉斯模型分析土肥水关联及影响效应,结果表明:耕地质量(基于壤土面积占比表征)和施肥水平及灌溉用水量即土肥水,是农田投入产出的基本要素。耕地质量和施肥及灌溉用水量对作物产出边际效应大小为:施肥水平 > 灌溉用水 > 耕地质量。土肥水对作物产出影响占比系数大小为:灌溉水量 > 施肥量 > 耕地质量,反映了灌溉、肥料及土壤质地条件主次关系,体现了土肥水是新疆高标准农田核心内容及灌溉属性特征。优化分析灌溉用水量8344 m3/hm2与现状相近,优化肥施量251 kg/hm2比现状可节省12%。分析结果为提升土壤肥力及水肥增效高质量管理提供依据。In order to analyze the impact of soil, fertilizer, and water on arid farmland in Xinjiang, this article uses agricultural production statistical data and applies stepwise regression statistical testing method to screen and analyze multiple factors and target input-output indicators, forming a reflection of the theme of farmland input-output-soil texture area ratio, pure fertilizer application amount, irrigation water consumption and main crop yield. The Cobb Douglas model is used to analyze the correlation and impact effects of soil, fertilizer, and water, the results indicate that the quality of arable land (characterized by the proportion of loam soil area), fertilization level, and irrigation water consumption, namely soil, fertilizer, and water, are the basic elements of farmland input-output. The marginal effect of farmland quality and fertilization and irrigation water usage on crop output is as follows: Fertilization level > irrigation water usage > farmland quality. The proportion coefficient of the impact of soil, fertilizer, and water on crop output is as follows: Irrigation wa-ter amount > fertilization amount > farmland quality, reflecting the primary and secondary relationships between irrigation, fertilizer, and soil texture conditions, reflecting that soil, fertilizer, and water are the core content and irrigation attribute characteristics of high standard farmland in Xin-jiang. Optimization analysis shows that the irrigation water consumption of 8344 m3/hm2 is similar to the current situation, and the optimized fertilizer application rate of 251 kg/hm2 can save 12% compared to the current situation. The analysis results provide a basis for improving soil fertility and improving water and fertilizer efficiency through high-quality management.

关 键 词：新疆 干旱灌区 土肥水关联 效应 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]