烟草根腐病生防菌的筛选鉴定及抑菌活性分析  

Screening, Identification, and Antibacterial Activity Analysis of Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Root Rot Disease

作　　者：唐思迪 唐一才 杨勇[1] 向海波 许汝冰 黎妍妍 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学生命科学学院,省部共建生物催化与酶工程国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 [2]湖北省烟草科学研究院,湖北 武汉

出　　处：《农业科学》2024年第12期1283-1292,共10页Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重点科技项目“基于微生物组的烟草根际生物屏障抗病机理及应用研究”(110202101047(LS-07));“烟草生防菌精准鉴定、重要性状解析及资源库建设”(110202201019(LS-03));湖北省烟草公司重点科技项目“雪茄烟主要病虫害灾变规律调查及防控技术研究与应用”(027Y2022-023)。

摘　　要：尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)引起的根腐病是烟草大田种植中的常见病害,具有发病率高、传染性强和不易防治等特点,给烟农带来了严重的经济损失。为了绿色防控镰刀菌根腐病,本研究采用平板对峙法筛选出了1株能高效抑制尖孢镰刀菌的拮抗菌NYM2002,形态观察和16S rRNA测序鉴定其为短小芽胞杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。该菌株能产生几丁质酶和纤维素酶,具有分解几丁质和纤维素的能力;同时该菌株发酵液能提高烟叶PPO、POD和PAL防御酶的活性。盆栽试验也发现该菌株对镰刀菌根腐病的防控优于商品化的农药甲霜·锰锌可湿性粉剂,相对防效高达81.03%,表明短小芽胞杆菌NYM2002具有开发为绿色防治烟草根腐病的生物农药的潜力。Root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a common disease in tobacco field planting. It has the characteristics of high incidence rate, strong infectivity and difficult control, which has brought serious economic losses to tobacco farmers. In order to prevent and control Fusarium wilt disease in a green way, this study used the plate confrontation method to screen out a strain of antagonistic bacterium NYM2002 that can efficiently inhibit Fusarium oxysporum. Morphological observation and 16S rRNA sequencing identified it as Bacillus subtilis. This strain can produce chitinase and cellulase, and has the ability to decompose chitin and cellulose;At the same time, the fermentation broth of this strain can enhance the activity of PPO, POD, and PAL defense enzymes in tobacco leaves. The pot experiment also found that the strain of Bacillus subtilis NYM2002 has better control over Fusarium root rot than the commercial pesticide Methomyl·Manganese Zinc Wettable Powder, with a relative control efficiency of 81.03%, indicating that it has the potential to be developed as a green biopesticide for controlling tobacco root rot.

关 键 词：烟草根腐病 尖孢镰刀菌 生物防治 短小芽孢杆菌 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]