微波作用于化学反应的研究进展  

Advances in Microwave on Chemical Reactions

作　　者：罗羽裳 周继承[1] 游志敏[1] 徐文涛[1] 高令飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学,化工学院,绿色催化与反应工程湖南省高校重点实验室,湘潭

出　　处：《化学工程与技术》2014年第4期45-62,共18页Hans Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology

基　　金：国家自科基金项目(20976147);湖南省自科基金项目(09JJ3021);湖南省高校重点实验室开放基金项目(12K047).

摘　　要：微波是一种频率介于红外线和无线电波之间的电磁波,因微波作用于化学反应表现出“神奇”的效果,引起了越来越广泛的关注。微波作用于化学反应因其特殊的加热方式和电磁场的特殊效应,使反应体系快速、均匀升温的同时引起体系中分子内部能级发生变化,导致化学反应具有快速、低能耗、高效率和绿色环保等特点。本文从微波应用在有机合成反应、无机材料和催化材料的制备以及环境污染治理三个方面综述了微波作用于化学反应的研究进展,并对存在的问题和前景进行了讨论和展望。重点介绍微波用于制备纳米材料和催化材料、微波作用于环境治理有关的气固相反应和液固相反应。微波为研究化学反应提供了一个新的研究方向和动力,在促进或者改变化学反应中有广泛的应用前景。微波化学未来的研究重点是探讨微波作用于化学反应的机理,建立微波化学基础并完善其理论体系,设计建造微波化学反应的工业化装置。Microwave is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum occurring in the frequency between infrared and radio waves. More and more attention to microwave has been paid, due to its “magic” effects in chemical reactions. The special electromagnetic field effect and the special heating way of mi-crowave make chemical reactions system be heated quickly and uniformly and bring necessary changes in molecular energy levels. Microwave makes chemical reactions become more and more high-speed, low-energy-costing, high-efficiency, green and environment-protective. In this review, the applications of microwave in chemical reactions are summarized, including the applications in organic synthesis, preparations of inorganic materials and catalytic materials and applications in environmental pollution control. In addition, subsistent problems in microwave chemistry are also systematically discussed and the possible developing orientations in the field of microwave effects on the chemical reactions are also prospected. Progress of microwave applications for synthesizing of nano-materials and catalytic materials, removal of NOx and SO2 and treatment of wastewater are reviewed. Microwave provides a new direction and new powers for chemical reaction, which possesses wide applications in accelerating or changing chemical reaction. In the future, researches will be focused on the mechanisms of microwave chemistry, establishing the basis of microwave chemistry and improving the systematical theories of microwave chemistry. Designing and creating of microwave chemical reactor device for industrial applications are also expected.

关 键 词：微波 微波作用 电磁波 化学反应 

分 类 号：O6[理学—化学]