西藏那曲地区六个地方牦牛品种遗传多样性分析  

Genetics Diversity of Six Yak Populations in Tibet Naqu

作　　者：巴桑旺堆[1] 旦久罗布 朱彦宾[1] 平措占堆[1] 达娃央拉[1] 何世丞 谢文栋 

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,西藏拉萨 [2]西藏自治区那曲市草原站,西藏那曲

出　　处：《世界生态学》2019年第2期150-156,共7页International Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37);国家科技部“高海拔边境地区农牧业关键技术研究与示范”子课题“牦牛高效繁殖与半舍饲养殖技术研究与集成示范”。

摘　　要：利用12个微卫星座位对西藏6个地方生态类群359个牦牛个体进行了遗传多样性评估。结果显示群体观测杂合度为0.5189 ±0.0323至0.6380 ±0.0345,等位基因数分布为4.25 ±2.01至5.17 ±2.72,多态信息含量为0.5004至0.5443,故6个群体遗传多样性丰富。利用哈德温伯格平衡分析发现,三个群体(那曲聂荣县尼玛乡九村群体、那曲聂荣县尼玛乡十一村群体、那曲嘉黎县牧场群体)中发生显著偏离的微卫星数最多,均有3个位点偏离哈代温伯格平衡;而那曲嘉黎县夏玛乡三村群体中只有1个微卫星显著偏离平衡。群体内近交系数(FIS)和群体间遗传分化系数(FST)的变化范围分别为?0.059~0.153和0.00297~0.11431。对STRUCTURE遗传结构进行分析,发现最佳遗传背景K = 2。通过FST遗传分歧分析,系统发育树和STRUCTURE群体结构对群体的结构划分,发现所研究群体结构均表现出与管理背景及地理位置分布存在联系。故,本研究对西藏地方牦牛群体遗传资源的保护提供了科学数据基础。A total of 359 individuals were genetically analyzed using genetic diversity of six yak ecological groups in Tibet using 12 microsatellite loci.The study showed that the average PIC values of the six yak ecological populations were found to be highly polymorphic.At the same time,the observed heterozygosity was from 0.5189±0.0323 to 0.6380±0.0345;the allele number distribution was from 4.25±2.01 to 5.17±2.72;and the polymorphic information content was 0.5004 to 0.5443.According to Hardy-Wenberg equilibrium analysis(HWE),it was found that the three groups(the Nine Villages in Nima Township,Nierong County,the 11 villages in Nima Township,Nierong County,and the farm group in Naqu Jiali County)have 3 loci that significantly deviate from HWE;and only one microsatellite in the Sancun group of Xiama Township in Naqu Jiali County was deviated significantly from equilibrium.The inbreeding coefficient(FIS)and the inter-population genetic differentiation coefficient(FST)ranged from?0.059 to 0.153 and 0.00297 to 0.11431,respectively.In addition,analysis of the genetic structure of STRUCTURE revealed that the best genetic background was K=2.Through FST,phylogenetic tree,and STRUCTURE population structure analysis,it revealed that the clustering of the population was in accordance to their management background and geographical distribution.Therefore,this study provides a scientific data for the protection of genetic resources in those local yak populations of Tibet.

关 键 词：牦牛 西藏 遗传多样性 微卫星 

分 类 号：S9[农业科学—水产科学]