酰胺催化脱水制备腈的研究进展  

Research Progress of Catalytic Dehydration of Amides to Nitriles

作　　者：王明慧 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院,浙江 金华

出　　处：《有机化学研究》2021年第4期59-67,共9页Journal of Organic Chemistry Research

摘　　要：氰基官能团因广泛存在于药物、农用化学品、染料和精细化学品中,且可方便地转化为其他重要官能团如醛基、羧基、酰胺、伯胺、亚胺等或构建杂环体系而受到化学家的大量关注。传统的腈类制备方法如烷基、芳基(拟)卤代物与氰化物反应、酰胺或醛肟脱水等存在剧毒氰源的使用、剧烈反应条件和原子经济性差等问题。而温和条件下酰胺的催化脱水是制备腈类的理想途径。本文将重点讨论近年来酰胺催化脱水制备腈的研究进展。The cyano functional group widely exists in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes and fine chemicals. As it can be easily converted into other functional groups such as aldehyde, ester, amide, primary amine, and imine, its preparation has attracted numerous attention from organic chemists. Traditional methods for nitrile synthesis including reactions of alkyl- or aryl (pseudo)halides with cyanides and dehydration of amides or aldoximes often require highly toxic reagents, harsh conditions and suffer from poor atom economy. Catalytic amide dehydration under mild conditions is an ideal approach to nitriles. This article focuses on recent advances in catalytic dehydration of amides to nitriles.

关 键 词：腈 酰胺 催化脱水 

分 类 号：O62[理学—有机化学]