评注性副词“何苦”独用现象分析  

An Analysis of the Monopoly of Commentary Adverb “He Ku”

作　　者：李学礼 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学对外汉语学院,上海

出　　处：《现代语言学》2022年第12期3168-3182,共15页Modern Linguistics

摘　　要：评注性副词“何苦”可以韵律独立,且不作动词或形容词谓语的修饰语而单独成句或作谓语。“何苦”独用时,在句法、语义上均存在一定的区别与联系,单独成句时,“何苦呢”会虚化为一个语用标记;作谓语时,语义会因自足实化,发生语义表达功能的偏移,产生语境的浮现义。从对言语法的角度重新审视副词“何苦”的独用,发现做单句和作谓语都是对话题的说明,这也能说明汉语是一种“话题–说明”型语言。Commentary adverb “He Ku” can be prosodically independent, and cannot be used as a modifier of verb or adjective predicate but as a sentence or predicate alone. When “He Ku” is used alone, there are certain differences and connections in syntax and semantics. When it is used alone, “He Ku” will become a pragmatic marker;When the predicate is used, the meaning will shift from the function of semantic expression due to the self-sufficiency materialization, resulting in the emergence of the meaning of the context. From the perspective of antithetical grammar, we re-examine the exclusive use of the adverb “He Ku”, and find that both single sentence and predicate are descriptions of topics, which also shows that Chinese is a “topic explanation” language.

关 键 词：何苦 独用 虚实相对 对言语法 话题–说明 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]