“巧”及“巧了”的语义演变与语法化  

Semantic Shifts and Grammaticalization of “Qiao” and “Qiaole”

作　　者：孙雯 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学外语学院,安徽 合肥

出　　处：《现代语言学》2024年第10期153-160,共8页Modern Linguistics

摘　　要：本文通过语料库检索“巧”及“巧了”的相关语料,发现二者均经历了语法化过程。汉字“巧”经历了由“巧1”表具体技艺义,到“巧2”表恰好程度义,到“巧3”表消极态度义的语义演变过程;词性由形容词向副词转变;句法位置由核心主语或宾语转变为补语;词语感情色彩从积极到中性、再到消极。而“巧了”以“巧”字为基础,从“巧了1”的具体技艺义,到“巧了2”“巧了3”的程度义、概率义,再到“巧了4”的联系义;其句法位置从核心谓语到补语、再到独立的话语标记;其感情色彩经历了“积极–中性–消极–中性”的转变过程。此外,“巧”及“巧了”的语法化虽表现出强烈的单向性倾向,但也包含了一些单向性反例现象,有助于发现和了解更多的演变动因和条件,丰富和加深对语言演变的理解,同时也进一步说明了语法化并非是单一的线性活动,而是一个复杂的过程。By means of the corpus tool, it can be found that “Qiao” and “Qiaole” have undergone the process of grammaticalization. “Qiao” has experienced the semantic shifts from “Qiao1”, expressing a concrete skill, to “Qiao2”, demonstrating an abstract coincidence, and to “Qiao3”, indicating the negative attitude;the part of speech of Qiao changes from adjective to adverb;the syntactic position changes from the subject or object to the complement;the implied emotional color varies from positive to neutral and then to negative. The grammaticalization of “Qiaole” is based on the word “Qiao”, from the meaning of a specific skill of “Qiaole1” to the abstract meaning of degree and probability of “Qiaole2” and “Qiaole3”, and then to the connection meaning of “Qiaole4”;the syntactic position changes from predicate to complement and then to independent discourse mark. The emotional color has also experienced a “positive-neutral-negative-neutral” transformation process. In addition,

关 键 词：巧了 语义演变 语法化 机制 单向性 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]