极端高温天气下不同水草种植模式对上海地区河蟹成蟹池塘养殖的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Patterns of Aquatic Plants on Pond Adult Eriocheir sinensis Culture in Shanghai with Extreme High Temperature Weather

作　　者：祖露 李住 刘智俊 

机构地区：[1]上海市水产研究所(上海市水产技术推广站),上海

出　　处：《水产研究》2023年第2期57-62,共6页Open Journal of Fisheries Research

摘　　要：对6家河蟹养殖经营主体的水草种植模式、水草生长情况、河蟹回捕率、平均规格和平均亩产进行调研,结果表明单种伊乐藻或者苦草的水草种植模式在极端高温天气中水草均出现生长停滞或者死亡的现象,而在轮叶黑藻和伊乐藻搭配种植模式中,水草生长正常或者即使伊乐藻受到影响,轮叶黑藻生长状况较好。在极端高温天气下,池塘水草未出现死亡的养殖主体的河蟹回捕率和平均规格显著高于池塘水草死亡的养殖主体,且池塘种植水草生长停滞的养殖主体因池塘水草的覆盖率较高,所以其河蟹的回捕率和平均规格较好。水草长势好的养殖主体平均亩产较高,水草长势差的养殖主体平均亩产较差。池塘多水草搭配种植比单水草种植在抗极端高温和河蟹产量方面更具有优势。The patterns of aquatic plants, growth situation of aquatic plants, recapture rate of Chinese mitten crab, average specifications, and average per mu yield of six Chinese mitten crab breeding and operation subjects were investigated. The results showed that the planting pattern of single species of Elodea canadensis Michx or Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara showed growth arrest or death phenomenon in extreme high temperature weather, while in the combined planting pattern of Hydrilla verticillata and Elodea canadensis Michx, the aquatic plants grew normally or even if the Elodea canadensis Michx were affected, the Hydrilla verticillata grew well. During extreme high temperature weather, the recapture rate and average specification of Chinese mitten crab of the breeding subjects with no death of water plants in ponds were significantly higher than those with death of water plants in ponds. Also, aquaculture subjects with growth-arrested aquatic plants in ponds had a higher coverage rate of aquatic plants in ponds, so their recapture rate and average specification of Chinese mitten crab were better. The average per mu yield of the breeding subjects with good growth of aquatic grass was higher, and the breeding subjects with poor growth of aquatic grass had a lower per mu yield. The combined planting of multiple aquatic plants in ponds has more advantages over single aquatic plants in terms of resistance to extreme high temperature and stabilize the production of Chinese mitten crab.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 水草种植模式 回捕率 规格 亩产量 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]