国民待遇原则对我国外商投资人工智能治理的启示  

Enlightenment of the Principle of National Treatment to the Governance of Foreign-Invested Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：郭毓婧 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学法政学院,浙江 杭州

出　　处：《法学（汉斯）》2023年第2期423-429,共7页Open Journal of Legal Science

摘　　要：随着人工智能浪潮的兴起,各国均已意识到人工智能既拥有在数字转型和经济增长前景中的巨大推动力,我国也在各类政策文件也中宣告了引领世界人工智能发展的决心。作为新时期我国关于外商投资的顶层设计,《外商投资法》明确外商在运行和退出的各个环节遵循“内外资一致”的原则。人工智能法律制度的构建不仅关乎我国如何治理人工智能,也在于作为《外商投资法》的核心,国民待遇原则在外商投资法律体系中的运行。在统一的价值基础上探寻国民待遇原则对人工智能治理的影响是我国新形势发展需要。从国际投资仲裁实践来看,在适用国民待遇原则时,大多从“相似情形”、“不低于待遇”和“正当理由例外”三个构成要件展开分析是否适用。故从国际投资仲裁实践得出我国外商投资人工智能的启示,建议区分“不同技术领域”分别立法;避免“事实上的歧视”,有效落实鼓励机制;提高算法透明度、回应黑箱质疑。With the rising tide of artificial intelligence (“AI”), countries have realized that AI has great impetus in the prospect of digital transformation and economic growth, and China has also declared its determination to lead the world in the development of AI in various policy documents. As the top-level design of foreign investment in the new era, the Foreign Investment Law expressly states that foreign investors should follow the principle of “equality between domestic and foreign investment” in all stages of operation and exit. The construction of a legal regime for AI is not only about how China governs AI, but also about the operation of National Treatment in the legal system for foreign investment, which is the core of the Foreign Investment Law. Exploring the impact of National Treatment on the governance of AI on a unified value basis is necessary for the development of the new situation in China. From the perspective of the practice of international investment arbitration, when applying the National Treatment, the applicability of such treatment is usually analyzed based on the three constitutive elements as “similar circumstances”, “no less favorable treatment” and “exception for justified reasons”. In the light of the international investment arbitration practice, it is suggested that foreign investment in AI in China should be subject to separate legislation for “different technological fields”;to avoid “de facto discrimination” and implement incentive mechanism effectively;and that the transparency of the algorithm should be improved to respond to the black box challenge.

关 键 词：国民待遇 外商投资 人工智能 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]