论民事禁止重复起诉制度  

On the System of Civil Prohibition of Repeated Prosecution

作　　者：郭清燕 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院,贵州 贵阳

出　　处：《法学（汉斯）》2023年第3期1762-1770,共9页Open Journal of Legal Science

摘　　要：目前,民事诉讼司法实践中存在的重复起诉现象,不仅导致判决结果相互矛盾、挑战司法权威,也会造成司法资源的浪费。为了规避种种弊端,2015年最高人民法院出台的《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》中,明确规定了民事诉讼中禁止重复起诉。但是这一规定过于简单、宽泛,导致实务中识别标准的把握与适用混乱,造成同案不同判。从介绍禁止重复起诉的概念入手,辨析与相似概念的区别,研究确立该制度的意义,指出我国禁止重复起诉存在着识别要素混乱、案件信息共享不充分、对例外情形缺乏统一规定、法官不进行释明等问题。在介绍并借鉴德国、美国等国相关规定的基础上,从细化识别要素、规定例外情形、建立全国统一信息共享系统、确立法官释明义务等方面提出改进及完善建议。At present, the phenomenon of repeated prosecution in the judicial practice of civil procedure not only leads to contradictory results, challenges the judicial text, but also causes the waste of judicial resources. In order to avoid all kinds of disadvantages, the Supreme People’s Court issued the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China in 2015, which clearly stipulates that repeated prosecution is prohibited in civil proceedings. However, this provision is too simple and broad, leading to confusion in the grasp and application of identification standards in practice, resulting in different judgments in the same case. This paper introduces the concept of prohibition of repeated prosecution, differentiates the difference between it and similar concept, and studies the significance of establishing this system. It points out that there are some problems in the prohibition of repeated prosecution in China, such as confusion of identifying elements, insufficient case information sharing, lack of unified provisions on exceptional cases, and judges’ lack of interpretation. Based on the introduction and reference of the relevant regulations of Germany, the United States and other countries, the author puts forward suggestions for improvement and perfection from the following aspects: refining identification elements, specifying exceptions, establishing a national unified information sharing system, and establishing the obligation of judges to interpret.

关 键 词：重复起诉 一事不再理 既判力 诉讼系属 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]