六盘水市夜间异常增温的研究  

Research on Abnormal Temperature Increase at Night in Liupanshui

作　　者：孙翔 毛春旭 夏阳 张润琼 肖艳林 

机构地区：[1]贵州省六盘水市气象局,贵州 六盘水

出　　处：《自然科学》2021年第4期567-576,共10页Open Journal of Nature Science

摘　　要：利用CIMISS地面观测资料和美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP) 2.5˚ ×2.5˚再分析资料,统计2010~2019年间六盘水市三个国家站(水城、盘州、六枝)夜间(20时至次日05时)增温现象,共得增温达2℃以上个例109个,其中5℃以上的强增温个例19个,重点分析19个夜间强增温个例对应的20时和次日02时从500 hPa到地面的天气形势和系统,详细列举出20~05时之间气温、气压、风向风速、湿度、地温等物理量的变化,并基于热力学能量方程对造成局地温度变化的各项进行定量计算。结果表明,夜间强增温现象时间分布表现为集中在冬春两季,空间分布表现为多出现在盘州站。500 hPa到地面的系统配置都揭示了滇黔准静止锋的存在。84.2%的强增温过程中出现了气压下降的现象,而63.2%的过程中气压下降比气温上升提前1小时以上。近地面单层大气本身的温度平流对夜间升温基本上起正贡献作用,平均贡献率约占10%。低层大气的垂直运动项的贡献率最小,且贡献正负不明确。贡献率最大的是非绝热项,占了近90%的贡献率。Based on the ground observation data from CIMISS and the data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 2.5˚ ×2.5˚ reanalysis, Statistics of temperature increase at night (20:00 to 05:00 the next day) at three national stations (Shuicheng, Panzhou, and Liuzhi) in Liupanshui from 2010 to 2019 shows that there are 109 temperature increase cases above 2˚C, 19 of which are strong warming above 5˚C. The focus is on analyzing the weather situation and system from 500 hPa to the ground at 20:00 and 02:00 of the next day corresponding to 19 cases of strong warming at night. It enumerates the changes in temperature, air pressure, wind speed, humidity, ground temperature and other physical quantities from 20:00 to 05:00 the next day, and quantitatively calculates the various items that cause local temperature changes based on the thermodynamic energy equation. The results show that the time distribution of the strong night temperature increase is concentrated in winter and spring, and the spatial distribution is mostly in Panzhou Station. The system configuration from 500 hPa to the ground reveals the existence of the Yunnan and Guizhou quasi-stationary front. In 84.2% of the strong warming process, the air pressure dropped, and in 63.2% of the process, the air pressure dropped more than 1 hour earlier than the temperature rise. The temperature advection of the single layer of atmosphere near the ground basically makes a positive contribution to the night temperature rise, with an average contribution rate of about 10%. The contribution rate of the vertical motion term in the lower atmosphere is the smallest, and the contribution is unclear. The largest contribution rate is the non-adiabatic term, which accounts for nearly 90% of the contribution rate.

关 键 词：夜间增温 准静止锋 暖平流 非绝热项 

分 类 号：P45[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]