基于快速疏散仿真的地铁车内旅客界面布局评估研究  

Evaluation of the Passenger Interface Layout in Metro Train Based on Rapid Evacuation Simulation

作　　者：刘辰 向泽锐[1,2] 庞世俊 支锦亦[1,2] 陈洪涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学工业设计系,四川 成都 [2]西南交通大学人机环境系统设计研究所,四川 成都 [3]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东 青岛

出　　处：《交通技术》2022年第2期74-89,共16页Open Journal of Transportation Technologies

摘　　要：为了合理评估地铁列车设计方案的应急疏散效率,从A、B两型地铁列车车内旅客界面布局来研究旅客在火灾条件下的应急疏散问题,进而基于快速疏散仿真来评估地铁车内旅客界面典型布局方案的优劣。首先,从列车疏散位置、疏散方式、车辆因素和人员因素四个方面,构建了地铁列车应急疏散影响因素层次模型;然后,基于PyroSim仿真模拟并分析火灾条件下影响人员疏散的三个关键因素:能见度、温度和CO浓度,获得了三种典型布局方案的可用疏散时间;基于Pathfinder仿真模拟并分析满足额定载人数和仅座椅满员两种条件下的三种典型布局方案的必需疏散时间;最后,通过比较可用疏散时间和必需疏散时间来评估每种典型布局方案的疏散效率。研究结果表明:各车厢中部位置着火较两端着火更易导致可用疏散时间变小;综合考虑可用疏散时间和必需疏散时间,座椅为纵向布局的B型车方案疏散效率最优且更适用于市内载客量大、密度较高的地铁线路,座椅为横向布局和混合布局的A型车方案疏散效率接近,更适用于市郊和机场线旅客密度相对不高的线路。该研究有助于从快速疏散方面为国内地铁列车的旅客界面布局设计和车辆选型提供参考。To reasonably evaluate the emergency evacuation efficiency of design schemes of metro train, the emergency evacuation of passengers under fire conditions was studied from the passenger interface layout in both type A and B metro trains, and then the typical passenger interface layout schemes in metro train were evaluated based on rapid evacuation simulation. Firstly, a Hierarchical model of influencing factors of metro train emergency evacuation was constructed from evacuation location of the trains, evacuation position in trains, factors of vehicles and factors of personnel. Then, based on PyroSim simulation, three key factors affecting personnel evacuation under fire conditions e.g. visibility, temperature and CO concentration were simulated and analyzed, and the ASET of three typical layout schemes was obtained. Based on Pathfinder simulation, the RSET of three schemes both at rated load and under the condition of full seats was simulated and analyzed;Finally, the evacuation efficiency of each typical layout scheme was evaluated by comparing the ASET and RSET. The results show that: The fire in the middle of each carriage is easier to cause the ASET to become smaller than that at both ends. Considering both the ASET and RSET, the evacuation efficiency of type B with longitudinal seats is the best and more suitable for metro lines with large passenger capacity and high density in the city. The evacuation efficiency of type A with transverse seats is close to the one with mixed seats, and the two are more suitable for lines with relatively low passenger density in suburban and airport lines. The findings can provide a reference for the design of passenger interface layout and train selection for domestic metro trains in terms of rapid evacuation.

关 键 词：地铁列车 快速疏散 布局设计 仿真分析 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]