多能干细胞巢群落的起源进化及其在经络系统中的功能——浅析中医十二经脉的五输穴和任脉的膻中穴  

Origin, Evolution and Function of Pluripotent Stem Cell Niches in the Meridian System—Analysis of the Five Shu Acupoints at the Twelve Meridians and Danzhong Acupoint in the Ren Meridian

作　　者：张建新 

机构地区：[1]江苏润华冷冻食品有限公司,江苏 兴化

出　　处：《中医学》2021年第5期707-715,共9页Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘　　要：干细胞巢是干细胞赖以长期生存、更新分化的微环境,是一个个复杂开放的微系统,不仅为干细胞提供养分,而且通过不同信息传递途径等调控着干细胞的行为——干细胞异质性因此产生,确保干细胞的生长、增殖分化处于稳定平衡状态。腧穴是构成经络系统的基本结构单位,《黄帝内经》称之为“气穴”和“气府”,《针灸甲乙经》称之为“孔穴”。这里,腧通“输”,穴是“空隙”的意思,腧穴彼此离散地分布在细胞组织中,是人体经络气血输注出入的特殊部位。作者认为,干细胞巢就是腧穴,《黄帝内经》中阐述的人体重要穴位一般是由众多干细胞巢依一定规律排列组合形成的群落;经络隧道是干细胞巢之间干细胞(包括肿瘤干细胞在内)交流活动的第一条通道,Neil D. Theise等发现的间质(interstitium)网络则是第二条通道,对于大多数成体干细胞而言,后者是主要的交流活动通道。本文以十二经脉的五输穴和任脉的膻中穴为例,初步探讨了多能干细胞巢群落内干细胞巢的主要功能,以及多能干细胞巢群落在经络系统中的起源进化。Stem cell niche provides a microenvironment in which stem cells can survive, renew and differentiate for a long-term time. It is a complex and open microsystem that not only provides nutrients for stem cells, but also regulates the behavior of stem cells via different information transmission pathways. Stem cell heterogeneity therefore appears, ensuring that the growth, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells are in a stable balance. Acupoints are the basic structural unit that constitutes the meridian system, which are called “Qixue” and “Qifu” in the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor, and “Kongxue” in the A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Here, “Shu” means transmission, and the acupoint means “gap”. The Shu acupoints, which are discretely distributed in cells and tissues, are the special parts of the human body for the infusion and infusion of qi, blood and meridians. We believe that stem cell niches are acupoints. As described in the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor, the important acupoints in the human body are generally a community formed by a number of stem cell niches which are arranged and combined according to a certain rule. Meridians and collaterals can be considered to be the first channel for the exchange activities between stem cells (including tumor stem cells) from different stem cell niches. Moreover the interstitium network discovered by Theise et al. is the second channel, which is the major channel for the communication among most adult stem cells. Herein, we preliminarily explore the main functions of stem cell niches in the pluripotent stem cell niche community, and the origin and evolution of the pluripotent stem cell niche community in the meridian system, with the five Shu acupoints in the twelve meridians and Danzhong acupoint in the Ren meridian as examples.

关 键 词：经络系统 干细胞巢 君臣佐使 ES胚胎干细胞 膻中穴 肠神经系统 奇经八脉 干细胞迁移 间质组织 管家基因 

分 类 号：R24[医药卫生—中医临床基础]