自我追寻之旅——《黑暗的心》中的视角越界解读  

Journey of Self-Discovery—Analysis of Alteration in Heart of Darkness

作　　者：张雪 

机构地区：[1]四川大学,外国语学院,四川 成都

出　　处：《世界文学研究》2023年第6期461-467,共7页World Literature Studies

摘　　要：约瑟夫•康拉德是从维多利亚时期过渡到现代主义时期的代表作家之一。他的作品以象征主义和悲剧特征而闻名,其中《黑暗的心》是最为著名的一本。国内外学者对其进行了大量研究,主要集中于小说的叙述技巧、殖民主义、女性主义以及其他主题。本文从叙述视角和视角越界相关理论出发,旨在探析《黑暗的心》中的视角越界现象以及它们所产生的效果,进而更加清楚地揭示小说的主旨意义,即马洛的自我追寻之旅。本文主体由两个部分组成。第一部分介绍了叙述视角和视角越界的相关理论,包括叙述视角的分类、视角越界的定义及其判断标准。第二部分详细探讨了小说中两种类型的视角越界和它们所产生的效果。通过分析,可以看出,从第一人称到全知模式的视角越界一定程度上弥补了第一人称叙述的局限性。这种视角越界展示了在第一人称叙述中“我”从未目击现场和无法透视的他人心理,从而更好地补充了情节,强化了主旨意义。同时,从固定的第一人称叙述转换到全知视角可以给读者带来新奇与独特的体验,产生一种“陌生化”效果。Joseph Conrad, one of the representative writers in the transitional period from the Victorian age to Modernism, has been noted for his works of symbolism and tragic elements, among which Heart of Darkness is the most famous one that has been studied by scholars at home and abroad. The studies mainly focus on narrative techniques, colonialism, feminism, and other themes in the novel. This thesis, based on theories of narrative perspective and alteration, intends to explore the transition of narrative perspectives in Heart of Darkness and their effects. Subsequently, it will more clearly reveal the thematic significance of the novel, that is, Marlow’s journey of self-discovery. The main body of this thesis consists of two parts. Firstly, it introduces theories about narrative perspective and alteration, including the classification of narrative perspectives, the definition of alteration and its criterion. Part two analyzes two typical alterations and their effects in the novel. Through analysis, it can be seen that the alteration from the first-person perspective to an omniscient perspective helps to resolve limitations of the first-person perspective. It demonstrates scenes and thoughts of other characters, which “I” in the first-person perspective can’t know. Through this alteration, the plots can be supplemented and the thematic meaning can be enhanced. Meanwhile, the transition from a fixed first-person perspective to an omniscient perspective can give readers a kind of novel and unique experience, producing the effect of defamiliarization.

关 键 词：《黑暗的心》 叙述视角 视角越界 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]