上海城区大气降尘重金属污染特征及风险评价  

The Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Atmospheric Deposition in Shanghai Urban Areas

作　　者：蔡成霖 鲍梦蓉 黄建时 成水平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海 [2]同济大学环境生态研究所,上海

出　　处：《环境保护前沿》2023年第1期37-46,共10页Advances in Environmental Protection

摘　　要：为探究上海市城区大气降尘重金属的污染状况和时空分布特征,于2021年监测了商业区、公园区、居住区、文教区和交通区的大气降尘重金属Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Sr、Zn等,并进行了潜在生态风险和健康风险评价。大气降尘中重金属浓度顺序为Zn > Sr > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Co > Cd,且均高于土壤背景值。Cu、Pb、Sr、Zn重金属在居住区的降尘浓度最高,Cd、Co、Cr、Ni在交通区的降尘浓度最高,秋季大气降尘重金属浓度高于其他3个季节。各种重金属沉降通量均值在交通区和居住区较高,在春季或秋季时较高。潜在生态风险评价结果表明,Cd的潜在生态危害程度最大,是关键控制元素,各功能区生态风险指数为交通区 > 居住区 > 文教区 > 商业区 > 公园区。健康风险评价结果表明各种重金属元素对人体不具有非致癌风险和致癌风险。In order to explore the pollution status and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the atmospheric deposition in Shanghai urban areas, we monitored the concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn in the atmospheric deposition in commercial, park, residential, educational and traffic areas respectively in 2021 and assessed the potential ecological and health risk. The results showed that the order of heavy metal concentration in atmospheric deposition was Zn > Sr > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Co > Cd, and they were all higher than the soil back-ground value. Cu, Pb, Sr and Zn had the highest deposition concentrations in the residential area. Cd, Co, Cr, and Ni had the highest deposition concentrations in the traffic area. The heavy metal concentration of atmospheric deposition in autumn was significantly higher than those in the other three seasons. The average values of the deposition flux of each heavy metal in the traffic area and the residential area were higher than those of the other areas, and they in the spring or autumn were higher than those in the other seasons. The results of the potential ecological risk assessment showed that Cd was the highest degree of potential ecological hazard and was the key element to control. The order of ecological risk index of different functional areas was traffic area > residential area > educational area > commercial area > park area. According to the results of health risk assessment, none of the studied heavy metals had non-carcinogenic risk and/or carcinogenic risk for human being.

关 键 词：大气降尘 重金属 生态风险评价 健康风险评价 上海城区 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]