Prevalence and Disinfection of Bacteria Associated with Various Types of Wristbands  

作　　者：Joseph Mendonca Belen Wertheimer Daynalee Dixon Bodhi Stone Karim Dawkins Miranda Christian Nwadiuto Esiobu Joseph Mendonca;Belen Wertheimer;Daynalee Dixon;Bodhi Stone;Karim Dawkins;Miranda Christian;Nwadiuto Esiobu(Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA;West Palm Beach TV (WPTV), West Palm Beach, FL, USA)

机构地区：[1]Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA [2]West Palm Beach TV (WPTV), West Palm Beach, FL, USA

出　　处：《Advances in Infectious Diseases》2023年第2期193-209,共17页传染病进展（英文）

摘　　要：The potential role of personal items in the transmission of pathogens is poorly understood. In this study, we cultured bacteria of public health importance found on wristbands, determined whether there is a correlation between wristband material and prevalence, and tested three household disinfectants for efficacy in reducing bacteria on wristbands made of plastic, rubber, metal, and cloth, using standard microbiological assays. Total cultivable bacteria, Staphylococci, Enterobacteria (Escherichia coli), and Pseudomonas on 20 smartwatch wristbands were cultured from randomly recruited subjects. Nearly all wristbands (95%) were contaminated, with the highest average numbers of 3.46E+4 cfu/cm² and 1.52E+4 cfu/cm² on rubber and plastic bands respectively. Metallic gold and silver wristbands had zero to 18 cfu/cm². While the high prevalence of Staphylococcus spp (85% of wristbands)—skin microbiota;was not unexpected, the occurrence of Pseudomonas spp (30%), and enteric bacteria (60%), even at relatively low numbers is of public health significance. Bacterial load on individual subjects varied remarkably with males and females harboring average total bacteria of 4.045 and 3.42 log₁₀cfu/cm² of wristband, respectively. The most important predictor of wristband bacteria load was the texture of wristband material and activity (hygiene) of the subject at sampling time. Potential pathogens—Staphylococcus aureus (8143 cfu/cm²) and Pseudomonas spp. (1126 cfu/cm²) were most abundant on cloth and rubber wristbands, respectively, while the presence of the E. coli group was associated with animal handling activity by a veterinarian. Lysol Disinfectant Spray and 70% Ethanol were highly effective regardless of wristband material with >99.99% kill rate and a log cfu/cm² reduction of 3 - 4.0 and 3 - 4.5 respectively within 30 seconds. Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) was not as potent. Only 2 - 3.5 log cfu/cm² drop was obtained after 120 sThe potential role of personal items in the transmission of pathogens is poorly understood. In this study, we cultured bacteria of public health importance found on wristbands, determined whether there is a correlation between wristband material and prevalence, and tested three household disinfectants for efficacy in reducing bacteria on wristbands made of plastic, rubber, metal, and cloth, using standard microbiological assays. Total cultivable bacteria, Staphylococci, Enterobacteria (Escherichia coli), and Pseudomonas on 20 smartwatch wristbands were cultured from randomly recruited subjects. Nearly all wristbands (95%) were contaminated, with the highest average numbers of 3.46E+4 cfu/cm² and 1.52E+4 cfu/cm² on rubber and plastic bands respectively. Metallic gold and silver wristbands had zero to 18 cfu/cm². While the high prevalence of Staphylococcus spp (85% of wristbands)—skin microbiota;was not unexpected, the occurrence of Pseudomonas spp (30%), and enteric bacteria (60%), even at relatively low numbers is of public health significance. Bacterial load on individual subjects varied remarkably with males and females harboring average total bacteria of 4.045 and 3.42 log₁₀cfu/cm² of wristband, respectively. The most important predictor of wristband bacteria load was the texture of wristband material and activity (hygiene) of the subject at sampling time. Potential pathogens—Staphylococcus aureus (8143 cfu/cm²) and Pseudomonas spp. (1126 cfu/cm²) were most abundant on cloth and rubber wristbands, respectively, while the presence of the E. coli group was associated with animal handling activity by a veterinarian. Lysol Disinfectant Spray and 70% Ethanol were highly effective regardless of wristband material with >99.99% kill rate and a log cfu/cm² reduction of 3 - 4.0 and 3 - 4.5 respectively within 30 seconds. Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) was not as potent. Only 2 - 3.5 log cfu/cm² drop was obtained after 120 s

关 键 词：Apple Cider Vinegar DISINFECTANTS Escherichia coli Lysol Pseudomonas aeruginosa Public Health Staphylococcus aureus Wristbands 

分 类 号：TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学]