False Positive HIV “Combo” Screening Test in a Hemodialysis Patient in Saudi Arabia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature  

作　　者：Ngozi Virginia Aikpokpo Ahmed Yayha Omaysh Ngozi Virginia Aikpokpo;Ahmed Yayha Omaysh(Diaverum AB Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, KSA;Department of Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK)

机构地区：[1]Diaverum AB Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, KSA [2]Department of Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK

出　　处：《Case Reports in Clinical Medicine》2024年第9期366-374,共9页临床医学病理报告（英文）

摘　　要：Introduction: HIV screening tests are routinely conducted on dialysis patients as the constant exposure of their blood during the dialysis process makes them a reasonable risk for blood-borne infections. However, in low prevalence settings, where HIV rates are <0.1% of the population, false positive results are more likely. This results in apprehension in the dialysis unit as breaches in infectious disease protocols could be presumed. This is illustrated in the case report below. Case Summary: A 62-year-old male Saudi end-stage kidney disease patient secondary to DM nephropathy began dialysis a year before presentation in a hemodialysis center in Saudi Arabia. Routine screening tests done at the start of dialysis revealed negative Hepatitis C, HIV 1 and 2 screening but a positive Hepatitis B surface antigen screen. The patient went for holiday dialysis at another facility and had a routine fourth-generation HIV test done which was positive. A confirmatory HIV PCR test was negative. Conclusion: This case highlights the need for caution in interpreting highly sensitive and specific HIV screening tests in a low-prevalence setting. Routine screening beyond the national recommendation may not be necessary in low-prevalence areas.Introduction: HIV screening tests are routinely conducted on dialysis patients as the constant exposure of their blood during the dialysis process makes them a reasonable risk for blood-borne infections. However, in low prevalence settings, where HIV rates are <0.1% of the population, false positive results are more likely. This results in apprehension in the dialysis unit as breaches in infectious disease protocols could be presumed. This is illustrated in the case report below. Case Summary: A 62-year-old male Saudi end-stage kidney disease patient secondary to DM nephropathy began dialysis a year before presentation in a hemodialysis center in Saudi Arabia. Routine screening tests done at the start of dialysis revealed negative Hepatitis C, HIV 1 and 2 screening but a positive Hepatitis B surface antigen screen. The patient went for holiday dialysis at another facility and had a routine fourth-generation HIV test done which was positive. A confirmatory HIV PCR test was negative. Conclusion: This case highlights the need for caution in interpreting highly sensitive and specific HIV screening tests in a low-prevalence setting. Routine screening beyond the national recommendation may not be necessary in low-prevalence areas.

关 键 词：Saudi Arabia False Positive HIV Test HEMODIALYSIS 

分 类 号：R51[医药卫生—内科学]