Examining the Types and Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation in Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Burden and Impact of Acute and Long-Term Complications  

作　　者：Rahma Yusuf Haji Mohamud Nur Adam Mohamed Mohamed Yaqub Hassan Khadija Yusuf Ali Marian Muse Osman Amal Nor Ali Ifrah Adan Hilowle Iftin Mohamed Osman Mohamed Farah Yusuf Mohamud Rahma Yusuf Haji Mohamud;Nur Adam Mohamed;Mohamed Yaqub Hassan;Khadija Yusuf Ali;Marian Muse Osman;Amal Nor Ali;Ifrah Adan Hilowle;Iftin Mohamed Osman;Mohamed Farah Yusuf Mohamud(Department of Nursing, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia;Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia;Department of Pediatric, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia;Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia;Research Department, National Institute of Health, Mogadishu, Somalia;Department of Pulmonology, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia;Department of Emergency Medicine, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia)

机构地区：[1]Department of Nursing, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia [2]Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia [3]Department of Pediatric, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia [4]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia [5]Research Department, National Institute of Health, Mogadishu, Somalia [6]Department of Pulmonology, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia [7]Department of Emergency Medicine, Mogadishu Somali Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia

出　　处：《Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》2024年第9期1322-1334,共13页妇产科期刊（英文）

摘　　要：Background: In Africa, female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread and harmful practice, with Somalia having the highest incidence at 98%. This practice has severe and long-lasting physical and mental health consequences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the different types of FGM;immediate and long-term complications associated with the practice, and identify factors related to its prevalence. Method: In a one-year cross-sectional hospital-based study, data were collected from females aged 18 - 50 with a history of FGM. Face-to-face semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, utilizing univariate and bivariate analyses to identify correlations between variables, which were presented in tables. Results: In a study involving 255 female participants, 65.5% were between 18 and 30 years old. The majority (82.7%) were married, while 47.1% were illiterate. FGM cases were more prevalent in rural areas (61.6%). Among the participants, 45.1% were employed. Type 3 FGM was the most common (44.3%), followed by Type 2 (32.2%) and Type 1 (23.9%). In terms of short-term complications experienced by circumcised women, the most common were bleeding, reported by 29.8% of participants, followed by infection (25.1%), and urinary retention (19.2%). Among the long-term complications observed, recurrent vaginal infections were the most prevalent, affecting 29.8% of the surveyed females. This was episiotomy during delivery (22.3%) and genital scarring (10.2%). Conclusion: The study reveals that Type 3 FGM is highly prevalent among the surveyed females, contributing to an increased risk of recurrent vaginal infections, prolonged second stage of labor, higher likelihood of episiotomy during delivery, and genital scarring. These findings emphasize the urgent need for effective preventive strategies and implementation from both international and local organizations to eliminate the harmful practice of FGM.Background: In Africa, female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread and harmful practice, with Somalia having the highest incidence at 98%. This practice has severe and long-lasting physical and mental health consequences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the different types of FGM;immediate and long-term complications associated with the practice, and identify factors related to its prevalence. Method: In a one-year cross-sectional hospital-based study, data were collected from females aged 18 - 50 with a history of FGM. Face-to-face semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, utilizing univariate and bivariate analyses to identify correlations between variables, which were presented in tables. Results: In a study involving 255 female participants, 65.5% were between 18 and 30 years old. The majority (82.7%) were married, while 47.1% were illiterate. FGM cases were more prevalent in rural areas (61.6%). Among the participants, 45.1% were employed. Type 3 FGM was the most common (44.3%), followed by Type 2 (32.2%) and Type 1 (23.9%). In terms of short-term complications experienced by circumcised women, the most common were bleeding, reported by 29.8% of participants, followed by infection (25.1%), and urinary retention (19.2%). Among the long-term complications observed, recurrent vaginal infections were the most prevalent, affecting 29.8% of the surveyed females. This was episiotomy during delivery (22.3%) and genital scarring (10.2%). Conclusion: The study reveals that Type 3 FGM is highly prevalent among the surveyed females, contributing to an increased risk of recurrent vaginal infections, prolonged second stage of labor, higher likelihood of episiotomy during delivery, and genital scarring. These findings emphasize the urgent need for effective preventive strategies and implementation from both international and local organizations to eliminate the harmful practice of FGM.

关 键 词：Female Genital Mutilation WOMEN Obstetrics and Gynecology SOMALIA 

分 类 号：TB3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]