Initial Hunger Meal Pattern and 20% Reduction in Energy Intake  

作　　者：Mario Ciampolini 

机构地区：[1]Preventive Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy

出　　处：《Open Journal of Preventive Medicine》2017年第10期195-201,共7页预防医学期刊（英文）

摘　　要：At meals, people aim to maintain their usual energy level and balance in blood and all tissues. People have subjectively refined this aim through poorly conscious months and years, i.e., outside any comparison with other people, other times or feeding conditions. The preprandial weekly mean blood glucose can assess this individual aim that differs from other people in the general fattening/ diabetes development. The evaluation of this pathogenic development in the overall stratification shows how unhealthy is the subject’s energy imbalance. After 2 - 48 hours of meal suspension, the aim arises as Initial Hunger. This Initial Hunger serves as reference sensation in the assessment of current energy availability. Recognition of three Initial Hunger arousals per day produces an even energy balance and eliminates any conditioned intake. This meal pattern seemed a useful chance to reverse current trends in overweight increase. Two reliable authorities (National Institute of Health and New England Journal of Medicine) noticed that already, all dieticians instructed to wait for hunger arousal before meals to limit energy intake for body weight loss. Dieticians’ definition and instructions on hunger for body weight loss miss any distinction from conditioned energy intake and are ineffective. Present report shows the need for improving awareness on hunger.At meals, people aim to maintain their usual energy level and balance in blood and all tissues. People have subjectively refined this aim through poorly conscious months and years, i.e., outside any comparison with other people, other times or feeding conditions. The preprandial weekly mean blood glucose can assess this individual aim that differs from other people in the general fattening/ diabetes development. The evaluation of this pathogenic development in the overall stratification shows how unhealthy is the subject’s energy imbalance. After 2 - 48 hours of meal suspension, the aim arises as Initial Hunger. This Initial Hunger serves as reference sensation in the assessment of current energy availability. Recognition of three Initial Hunger arousals per day produces an even energy balance and eliminates any conditioned intake. This meal pattern seemed a useful chance to reverse current trends in overweight increase. Two reliable authorities (National Institute of Health and New England Journal of Medicine) noticed that already, all dieticians instructed to wait for hunger arousal before meals to limit energy intake for body weight loss. Dieticians’ definition and instructions on hunger for body weight loss miss any distinction from conditioned energy intake and are ineffective. Present report shows the need for improving awareness on hunger.

关 键 词：Blood Glucose Diabetes Insulin Resistance OVERWEIGHT FATTENING ENERGY Balance ENERGY INTAKE Limit in ENERGY INTAKE HUNGER Meal Onset ENERGY Availability Bowel Disorders MALNUTRITION 

分 类 号：R5[医药卫生—内科学]