Changes in Barents Sea Ice Edge Positions in the Last 442 Years. Part 2: Sun, Moon and Planets  

作　　者：Jan-Erik Solheim Stig Falk-Petersen Ole Humlum Nils-Axel Mö rner Jan-Erik Solheim;Stig Falk-Petersen;Ole Humlum;Nils-Axel Mörner(Retired, Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;Akvaplan-niva, The Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway;The University Centre on Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway;Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;Deceased, Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics, Stockholm, Sweden)

机构地区：[1]Retired, Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø , Norway [2]Akvaplan-niva, The Fram Centre, Tromsø , Norway [3]The University Centre on Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway [4]Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [5]Deceased, Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics, Stockholm, Sweden

出　　处：《International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics》2021年第2期279-341,共63页天文学与天体物理学国际期刊（英文）

摘　　要：This is the second paper in a series of two, which analyze the position of the Barents Sea ice-edge (BIE) based on a 442-year long dataset to understand its time variations. The data have been collected from ship-logs, polar expeditions, and hunters in addition to airplanes and satellites in recent times. Our main result is that the BIE position alternates between a southern and a northern position followed by Gulf Stream Beats (GSBs) at the occurrence of deep solar minima. We decompose the low frequency BIE position variations in cycles composed of dominant periods which are related to the Jose period of 179 years, indicating planetary forcings. We propose that the mechanism transferring planetary signals into changes in BIE position is the solar wind (SW), which provides magnetic shielding of the Earth in addition to geomagnetic disturbances. Increase in the solar wind produces pressure which decelerates the Earth’s rotation. It also transfers electrical energy to the ring current in the earth’s magnetosphere. This current magnetizes the earth’s solid core and makes it rotate faster. To conserve angular momentum the earth’s outer fluid mantle rotates slower with a delay of about 100 years. In addition will geomagnetic storms, initiated by solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) penetrate deep in the Earth’s atmosphere and change pressure pattern in the Arctic. This effect is larger during solar minima since the magnetic shielding then is reduced. The Arctic may then experience local warming. The transition of solar activities to a possibly deep and long minimum in the present century may indicate Arctic cooling and the BIE moving south this century. For the North Atlantic region, effects of the BIE expanding southward will have noticeable consequences for the ocean bio-production from about 2040.This is the second paper in a series of two, which analyze the position of the Barents Sea ice-edge (BIE) based on a 442-year long dataset to understand its time variations. The data have been collected from ship-logs, polar expeditions, and hunters in addition to airplanes and satellites in recent times. Our main result is that the BIE position alternates between a southern and a northern position followed by Gulf Stream Beats (GSBs) at the occurrence of deep solar minima. We decompose the low frequency BIE position variations in cycles composed of dominant periods which are related to the Jose period of 179 years, indicating planetary forcings. We propose that the mechanism transferring planetary signals into changes in BIE position is the solar wind (SW), which provides magnetic shielding of the Earth in addition to geomagnetic disturbances. Increase in the solar wind produces pressure which decelerates the Earth’s rotation. It also transfers electrical energy to the ring current in the earth’s magnetosphere. This current magnetizes the earth’s solid core and makes it rotate faster. To conserve angular momentum the earth’s outer fluid mantle rotates slower with a delay of about 100 years. In addition will geomagnetic storms, initiated by solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) penetrate deep in the Earth’s atmosphere and change pressure pattern in the Arctic. This effect is larger during solar minima since the magnetic shielding then is reduced. The Arctic may then experience local warming. The transition of solar activities to a possibly deep and long minimum in the present century may indicate Arctic cooling and the BIE moving south this century. For the North Atlantic region, effects of the BIE expanding southward will have noticeable consequences for the ocean bio-production from about 2040.

关 键 词：Barents Sea Ice Edge Position Cyclic and Non-Linear Changes Lunar and Solar Forcing Planetary Orbit Synchronization 

分 类 号：P31[天文地球—固体地球物理学]