The Faraday Isolator, Detailed Balance and the Second Law  

作　　者：George S. Levy 

机构地区：[1]Entropic Power, 3980 Del Mar Meadows, San Diego, CA, USA

出　　处：《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》2017年第4期889-899,共11页应用数学与应用物理（英文）

摘　　要：A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.

关 键 词：FARADAY ISOLATOR Detailed Balance Second Law Non-Maxwellian Entropy H-THEOREM STATISTICAL Mechanics Perpetual Motion Machine STATISTICAL SYMMETRY INDISTINGUISHABILITY 

分 类 号：O1[理学—数学]