Loschmidt’s Paradox, Extended to CPT Symmetry, Bypasses Second Law  

作　　者：George S. Levy 

机构地区：[1]Entropic Power, Irvine, California, USA

出　　处：《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》2019年第12期3140-3175,共36页应用数学与应用物理（英文）

摘　　要：Loschmidt’s paradox is extended by replacing its assumption of time reversibility with full CPT symmetry. Mobility is identified as a means for expressing collisions or dissipation, and the cross product of its gradient with the magnetic field, for expressing parity. Three phenomena incorporating such cross products are identified. The first is the cross product of the mobility gradient with the magnetic field. The second combines this cross product with the E cross B drift. The third is the reciprocal of the Nernst effect expressed as a cross product of the temperature gradient and the magnetic field. Simulations are conducted for testing Loschmidt’s extended paradox. Onsager’s exclusion of magnetic fields and rotation from reciprocals violates CPT symmetry and is unjustified. All three cross-product phenomena skew statistics in a fashion unanticipated by Boltzmann’s assumptions in his H-Theorem. CPT symmetric systems fall outside the assumptions of the theorem which is not rendered invalid but simply limited to its domain of applicability. Therefore, these systems do not violate the second law as Boltzmann defines it. They bypass it.Loschmidt’s paradox is extended by replacing its assumption of time reversibility with full CPT symmetry. Mobility is identified as a means for expressing collisions or dissipation, and the cross product of its gradient with the magnetic field, for expressing parity. Three phenomena incorporating such cross products are identified. The first is the cross product of the mobility gradient with the magnetic field. The second combines this cross product with the E cross B drift. The third is the reciprocal of the Nernst effect expressed as a cross product of the temperature gradient and the magnetic field. Simulations are conducted for testing Loschmidt’s extended paradox. Onsager’s exclusion of magnetic fields and rotation from reciprocals violates CPT symmetry and is unjustified. All three cross-product phenomena skew statistics in a fashion unanticipated by Boltzmann’s assumptions in his H-Theorem. CPT symmetric systems fall outside the assumptions of the theorem which is not rendered invalid but simply limited to its domain of applicability. Therefore, these systems do not violate the second law as Boltzmann defines it. They bypass it.

关 键 词：Second Law BOLTZMANN Loschmidt CPT SYMMETRY ENTROPY Nernst Effect H-THEOREM Onsager PARADOX Cross Product 

分 类 号：O17[理学—数学]