Using Model of a Universe as Similar to a Black Hole, Ask If We Have to Have Singularities, If We Are Looking at Initial Time Step and Entropy, from the Beginning  

作　　者：Andrew Walcott Beckwith Qazi Abdul Ghafoor Andrew Walcott Beckwith;Qazi Abdul Ghafoor(Physics Department, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China;Mathematics Department, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan)

机构地区：[1]Physics Department, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China [2]Mathematics Department, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

出　　处：《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》2023年第3期708-719,共12页高能物理（英文）

摘　　要：Based on the idea of cyclic conformal cosmology, we formulate entropy and quantum number n, and then utilize the minimum uncertainty principle, where Delta E times Delta t equals h-bar, to actualize a prototype delta t time stop in the breakup of supermassive black holes into countless Planck mass-sized black holes. This helps to link entropy, time step, and primordial conditions and define when the cosmological constant may form and the initial inflationary expansion “speed”. All this is used to obtain a model of if a singularity, initially is needed.Based on the idea of cyclic conformal cosmology, we formulate entropy and quantum number n, and then utilize the minimum uncertainty principle, where Delta E times Delta t equals h-bar, to actualize a prototype delta t time stop in the breakup of supermassive black holes into countless Planck mass-sized black holes. This helps to link entropy, time step, and primordial conditions and define when the cosmological constant may form and the initial inflationary expansion “speed”. All this is used to obtain a model of if a singularity, initially is needed.

关 键 词：Inflation Fifth force Gravitational f GRAVITONS Hubble Parameter 

分 类 号：O41[理学—理论物理]