Hopf Algebra of Labeled Simple Graphs  

作　　者：Jiaming Dong Huilan Li Jiaming Dong;Huilan Li(School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China)

机构地区：[1]School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China

出　　处：《Open Journal of Applied Sciences》2023年第1期120-135,共16页应用科学（英文）

摘　　要：A lot of combinatorial objects have a natural bialgebra structure. In this paper, we prove that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs is a bialgebra with the conjunction product and the unshuffle coproduct. In fact, it is a Hopf algebra since it is graded connected. The main conclusions are that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs arising from the unshuffle coproduct is a Hopf algebra and that there is a Hopf homomorphism from permutations to label simple graphs.A lot of combinatorial objects have a natural bialgebra structure. In this paper, we prove that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs is a bialgebra with the conjunction product and the unshuffle coproduct. In fact, it is a Hopf algebra since it is graded connected. The main conclusions are that the vector space spanned by labeled simple graphs arising from the unshuffle coproduct is a Hopf algebra and that there is a Hopf homomorphism from permutations to label simple graphs.

关 键 词：Hopf Algebra Labeled Simple Graph Conjunction Product Unshuffle Coproduct Compatibility 

分 类 号：O15[理学—数学]