Chemical Composition, Larvicidal and Adult Emergence Inhibition Activities of Balanites aegyptiaca Del. Seed and Aristolochia albida Duch. Root Extracts against Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae Giles  

作　　者：Bouladji Yonki Simon Pierre Yinyang Danga David Ngadvou Elias Nchiwan Nukenine Bouladji Yonki;Simon Pierre Yinyang Danga;David Ngadvou;Elias Nchiwan Nukenine(Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon;Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua, University of Garoua, Garoua, Cameroon)

机构地区：[1]Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon [2]Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua, University of Garoua, Garoua, Cameroon

出　　处：《Advances in Entomology》2023年第2期63-78,共16页昆虫学（英文）

摘　　要：Background: Anopheles gambiae is enemy number one of mankind in Africa and particularly in Cameroon due to its ability of transmitting malaria which is the deadliest disease in this part of the world. Synthetic insecticides have been used to control malaria vectors but they have negative effects on non-target organisms and are environmentally unfriendly. Control of mosquitoes at larval stages using phytochemicals is currently the leading tool to reduce the mosquito population and so the reduction of malaria transmission rates. Therefore, the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical contents, larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of Balanites aegyptiaca seed and Aristolochia albida root solvents extracts against Anopheles gambiae larvae. Methods: The World Health Organization standard protocols were followed for the different bioassays. Concentrations ranging from 500 - 2000 ppm for larvicidal and 500 - 1500 ppm for IGRs were used. Results: Both plants showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids and oils except the absence of phenols in Aristolochia albida. The larvicidal activity of Aristolochia albida extracts showed that hexane and methanol fractions were the most active killing relatively all exposed larvae with the LC₅₀ values of 420.1 and 453 ppm, respectively. The same observation was made in hexane fraction from Balanites aegyptiaca (LC₅₀ = 588 ppm). The insect growth inhibitory activity of Aristolochia albida extracts proved that hexane and methanol fractions relatively caused a 100% inhibition in the mosquito development, recording the EI₅₀ values of 482.4 and 555.6 ppm, respectively. The same trend was observed with Balanites aegyptiaca hexane fraction registering better EI₅₀ of 623.9 ppm. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that Balanites aegyptiaca seed and Aristolochia albida seed extracts are rich in phytochemicals capable of killing mosquito larvae and disrupting mosquito larval development.Background: Anopheles gambiae is enemy number one of mankind in Africa and particularly in Cameroon due to its ability of transmitting malaria which is the deadliest disease in this part of the world. Synthetic insecticides have been used to control malaria vectors but they have negative effects on non-target organisms and are environmentally unfriendly. Control of mosquitoes at larval stages using phytochemicals is currently the leading tool to reduce the mosquito population and so the reduction of malaria transmission rates. Therefore, the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical contents, larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of Balanites aegyptiaca seed and Aristolochia albida root solvents extracts against Anopheles gambiae larvae. Methods: The World Health Organization standard protocols were followed for the different bioassays. Concentrations ranging from 500 - 2000 ppm for larvicidal and 500 - 1500 ppm for IGRs were used. Results: Both plants showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids and oils except the absence of phenols in Aristolochia albida. The larvicidal activity of Aristolochia albida extracts showed that hexane and methanol fractions were the most active killing relatively all exposed larvae with the LC₅₀ values of 420.1 and 453 ppm, respectively. The same observation was made in hexane fraction from Balanites aegyptiaca (LC₅₀ = 588 ppm). The insect growth inhibitory activity of Aristolochia albida extracts proved that hexane and methanol fractions relatively caused a 100% inhibition in the mosquito development, recording the EI₅₀ values of 482.4 and 555.6 ppm, respectively. The same trend was observed with Balanites aegyptiaca hexane fraction registering better EI₅₀ of 623.9 ppm. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that Balanites aegyptiaca seed and Aristolochia albida seed extracts are rich in phytochemicals capable of killing mosquito larvae and disrupting mosquito larval development.

关 键 词：Balanites aegyptiaca Aristolochia albida Anopheles gambiae Larvicidal Activity IGRS Vector Control 

分 类 号：O62[理学—有机化学]