GA4 + 7 Rate and Timing Interact to Suppress Return Bloom of Young “Honeycrisp” Apple Trees and Improve Tree Growth  

作　　者：Todd Einhorn Denise Ruwersma Mokhles Elsysy Drew Hubbard Todd Einhorn;Denise Ruwersma;Mokhles Elsysy;Drew Hubbard(Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;Department of Pomology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt;Fine Americas, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA, USA)

机构地区：[1]Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA [2]Department of Pomology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt [3]Fine Americas, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA, USA

出　　处：《American Journal of Plant Sciences》2025年第2期275-286,共12页美国植物学期刊(英文)

摘　　要：Newly planted apple orchards in the USA comprising the highly biennial cultivar, “Honeycrisp”, are prone to flower within the first two years from planting and set fruit. These processes limit canopy development and subsequent yield potential. GA4 + 7 can inhibit floral formation processes of apples. The timing and dose for eliminating return bloom of young “Honeycrisp” trees, however, is unclear. A factorial experimental design to test GA4 + 7 application timing and rate produced significant reductions in return bloom for both factors and their interaction. Treatment responses demonstrated that florigenic processes in “Honeycrisp” occurred early. The most pronounced reduction in return bloom followed the 2-week after full bloom (WAFB) application timing, increasing with increasing rate. The effect on return bloom was progressively diminished over the next two weeks of applications but remained significantly lower than the control. Three successive applications timed one week apart eliminated return bloom of spurs at the highest rate. Both factors and their interaction also significantly reduced return bloom of terminal buds of leaders;in contrast to floral buds on spurs, the response of terminal buds on leaders improved with delayed application timings. Timing exerted a stronger effect than rate on return flowering of the terminal buds of leaders. Leader growth was positively affected by GA4 + 7, the year of application, when three successive applications were made. Tree height, overall growth, expressed as the increase in trunk cross-sectional area, and limb number were also significantly improved by GA4 + 7 but varied in their responses to application timing and rate, and were inconsistent. Overall, successive applications of GA4 + 7 had good efficacy for inhibiting floral initiation of meristems on spurs and terminals while improving the vegetative growth of young “Honeycrisp” trees.Newly planted apple orchards in the USA comprising the highly biennial cultivar, “Honeycrisp”, are prone to flower within the first two years from planting and set fruit. These processes limit canopy development and subsequent yield potential. GA4 + 7 can inhibit floral formation processes of apples. The timing and dose for eliminating return bloom of young “Honeycrisp” trees, however, is unclear. A factorial experimental design to test GA4 + 7 application timing and rate produced significant reductions in return bloom for both factors and their interaction. Treatment responses demonstrated that florigenic processes in “Honeycrisp” occurred early. The most pronounced reduction in return bloom followed the 2-week after full bloom (WAFB) application timing, increasing with increasing rate. The effect on return bloom was progressively diminished over the next two weeks of applications but remained significantly lower than the control. Three successive applications timed one week apart eliminated return bloom of spurs at the highest rate. Both factors and their interaction also significantly reduced return bloom of terminal buds of leaders;in contrast to floral buds on spurs, the response of terminal buds on leaders improved with delayed application timings. Timing exerted a stronger effect than rate on return flowering of the terminal buds of leaders. Leader growth was positively affected by GA4 + 7, the year of application, when three successive applications were made. Tree height, overall growth, expressed as the increase in trunk cross-sectional area, and limb number were also significantly improved by GA4 + 7 but varied in their responses to application timing and rate, and were inconsistent. Overall, successive applications of GA4 + 7 had good efficacy for inhibiting floral initiation of meristems on spurs and terminals while improving the vegetative growth of young “Honeycrisp” trees.

关 键 词：Floral Inhibition Floral Initiation Floral Induction Gibberellins FLOWERING Fruit Set Crop Load Management 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]