Effects of Precipitation and Livestock Grazing on Foliage Foraging Ants in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland  

作　　者：Yosef Steinberger Walt G. Whitford Yosef Steinberger;Walt G. Whitford(The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel;USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Box 3 JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA)

机构地区：[1]The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel [2]USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Box 3 JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA

出　　处：《Open Journal of Ecology》2021年第1期52-63,共12页生态学期刊（英文）

摘　　要：We examined the relationship between seasonal livestock grazing (late summer and late winter) and the abundance of two ant species,<em> Dorymyrmex insana and Forelius pruniosus</em>, on three types of plants (mesquite shrubs, snakeweed sub-shrubs, and mixed grasses) dominated by black grama (<em>Bouteloua eriopoda</em>). Stocking rates were adjusted to remove 75% of the available forage. Since Chihuahuan Desert grasslands are not in transition to shrublands, the grasses and some herbaceous plants are the only available forage. We hypothesized that neither rainfall nor cattle grazing would affect the abundance of these ants on mesquite (<em>Prosipis glandulosa</em>) or snakeweed (<em>Gutierrezia sarothrae</em>). Linear regressions of monsoon rainfall on mesquite (<em>Prosopis glandulosa</em>) produced an r² nearly equal to that with the annual precipitation. Monsoon rainfall on the evergreen sub-shrub, <em>Gutierrezia sarothrae</em>, resulted in June-July rainfall accounting for 47% - 83% of the variation in densities of <em>D. insana</em> on snakeweed. The number of <em>D. insana</em> was more than double the number of <em>F. pruinosus</em> on grasses, mesquite, and snakeweed. There were significant reductions in the abundance of <em>F. pruinosus</em> on the grass in the grazed plots;each year the plots were grazed. There were no significant effects of grazing on the abundance of either of the ant species sampled from <em>G. sarothrae</em> canopies. There were significantly fewer <em>D. insana</em> on mesquite in summer grazed plots than on<em> P. glandulosa</em> in winter grazed and ungrazed plots in the second and third years of grazing. Pre-grazing effects were compromised by the high annual (more than double) precipitation.We examined the relationship between seasonal livestock grazing (late summer and late winter) and the abundance of two ant species,<em> Dorymyrmex insana and Forelius pruniosus</em>, on three types of plants (mesquite shrubs, snakeweed sub-shrubs, and mixed grasses) dominated by black grama (<em>Bouteloua eriopoda</em>). Stocking rates were adjusted to remove 75% of the available forage. Since Chihuahuan Desert grasslands are not in transition to shrublands, the grasses and some herbaceous plants are the only available forage. We hypothesized that neither rainfall nor cattle grazing would affect the abundance of these ants on mesquite (<em>Prosipis glandulosa</em>) or snakeweed (<em>Gutierrezia sarothrae</em>). Linear regressions of monsoon rainfall on mesquite (<em>Prosopis glandulosa</em>) produced an r² nearly equal to that with the annual precipitation. Monsoon rainfall on the evergreen sub-shrub, <em>Gutierrezia sarothrae</em>, resulted in June-July rainfall accounting for 47% - 83% of the variation in densities of <em>D. insana</em> on snakeweed. The number of <em>D. insana</em> was more than double the number of <em>F. pruinosus</em> on grasses, mesquite, and snakeweed. There were significant reductions in the abundance of <em>F. pruinosus</em> on the grass in the grazed plots;each year the plots were grazed. There were no significant effects of grazing on the abundance of either of the ant species sampled from <em>G. sarothrae</em> canopies. There were significantly fewer <em>D. insana</em> on mesquite in summer grazed plots than on<em> P. glandulosa</em> in winter grazed and ungrazed plots in the second and third years of grazing. Pre-grazing effects were compromised by the high annual (more than double) precipitation.

关 键 词：GRAZING LITTER Ants Desert System 

分 类 号：S81[农业科学—畜牧学]