Phlorotannins from Brown Algae as a Sustainable Aquatic Feedstock for Epoxy Resins  

作　　者：Andreas Winkel Martin Kahlmeyer Stefan Böhm Thomas Fuhrmann-Lieker Maximilian Heiko Burk Andreas Winkel;Martin Kahlmeyer;Stefan Böhm;Thomas Fuhrmann-Lieker;Maximilian Heiko Burk(Department for Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany;Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany)

机构地区：[1]Department for Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany [2]Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany

出　　处：《Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering》2024年第11期94-106,共13页材料科学与化学工程（英文）

摘　　要：Bisphenol A (BPA) is the primary chemical used in the production of epoxy resins but as of today is not widely available in a bio-based form. BPA is also classified as a substance of very high concern due to its reproductive toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects. Phlorotannins, a type of polyphenols, offer a promising structural alternative to bisphenol A as a more sustainable option. They are found in high quantities in brown algae, which are already harvested for alginate production. As a result, phlorotannins present an under-researched yet promising marine resource for the chemical industry, particularly in the area of epoxy resin formulation. In this study, a model epoxy resin compound based on phloroglucinol, the simplest phlorotannin, was chosen to explore its reactivity and the thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy resins based thereof. As hardeners well-established systems like isophorone diamine for ambient temperature cure as well as heat-curing anhydrides and dicyandiamide were used. Across all cases, thermosets with glass transition temperatures above 100?C were achieved under cross-linking conditions similar to those used today. One phthalic anhydride derivative yielded a glass transition temperature of 198?C, highlighting the significant potential of these algae-based epoxy resins for industrial uses, such as impregnating resins for fiber-reinforced plastics.Bisphenol A (BPA) is the primary chemical used in the production of epoxy resins but as of today is not widely available in a bio-based form. BPA is also classified as a substance of very high concern due to its reproductive toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects. Phlorotannins, a type of polyphenols, offer a promising structural alternative to bisphenol A as a more sustainable option. They are found in high quantities in brown algae, which are already harvested for alginate production. As a result, phlorotannins present an under-researched yet promising marine resource for the chemical industry, particularly in the area of epoxy resin formulation. In this study, a model epoxy resin compound based on phloroglucinol, the simplest phlorotannin, was chosen to explore its reactivity and the thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy resins based thereof. As hardeners well-established systems like isophorone diamine for ambient temperature cure as well as heat-curing anhydrides and dicyandiamide were used. Across all cases, thermosets with glass transition temperatures above 100?C were achieved under cross-linking conditions similar to those used today. One phthalic anhydride derivative yielded a glass transition temperature of 198?C, highlighting the significant potential of these algae-based epoxy resins for industrial uses, such as impregnating resins for fiber-reinforced plastics.

关 键 词：Epoxy Resins ALGAE PHLOROTANNINS 

分 类 号：O62[理学—有机化学]