Investigation of a Possible Link between Solar Activity and Climate Change in Saudi Arabia: Rainfall Patterns  

作　　者：Abdullrahman H. Maghrabi Hadeel A. Alamoudi Aied S. Alruhaili Abdullrahman H. Maghrabi;Hadeel A. Alamoudi;Aied S. Alruhaili(National Centre for Applied Physics, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Astronomy and Space Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

机构地区：[1]National Centre for Applied Physics, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [2]Astronomy and Space Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

出　　处：《Atmospheric and Climate Sciences》2023年第4期478-490,共13页大气和气候科学（英文）

摘　　要：In this study, annual, quarterly, and monthly mean precipitation data in Saudi Arabia were correlated with sunspot number (SSN) and galactic cosmic ray (CR) flux over 35 years (1985-2019). The results show that the strength, magnitude, proportion and statistical significance of the relationship between precipitation and the two variables varied by season and month. We find that mean annual precipitation in Saudi Arabia, from May to November, and summer and autumn are correlated with cosmic rays and inversely correlated with SSN. Correlations of varying intensities and scales were found during the remaining months and during winter and spring. The relationships between the rainfall and SSN and CR for each solar cycle were investigated and showed that for all three cycles, the annual rainfall over Saudi Arabia has a positive correlation with CR. Different results were obtained when the seasonal rainfall data correlated with the SSNs and CRs during each cycle. The results obtained, in terms of their strength and magnitude, are affected by terrestrial and extra-terrestrial factors. These factors have been briefly presented and discussed. These findings represent a step towards understanding the possible role of solar activity in climate change for future meteorological phenomenon forecasting, even if the physical mechanism is still poorly quantified.In this study, annual, quarterly, and monthly mean precipitation data in Saudi Arabia were correlated with sunspot number (SSN) and galactic cosmic ray (CR) flux over 35 years (1985-2019). The results show that the strength, magnitude, proportion and statistical significance of the relationship between precipitation and the two variables varied by season and month. We find that mean annual precipitation in Saudi Arabia, from May to November, and summer and autumn are correlated with cosmic rays and inversely correlated with SSN. Correlations of varying intensities and scales were found during the remaining months and during winter and spring. The relationships between the rainfall and SSN and CR for each solar cycle were investigated and showed that for all three cycles, the annual rainfall over Saudi Arabia has a positive correlation with CR. Different results were obtained when the seasonal rainfall data correlated with the SSNs and CRs during each cycle. The results obtained, in terms of their strength and magnitude, are affected by terrestrial and extra-terrestrial factors. These factors have been briefly presented and discussed. These findings represent a step towards understanding the possible role of solar activity in climate change for future meteorological phenomenon forecasting, even if the physical mechanism is still poorly quantified.

关 键 词：PRECIPITATION Cosmic Rays Solar Activity Climate Change SUNSPOT Saudi Arabia 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]