Trace Metals in Fine and Respirable Ambient Air Particulates on Trinidad’s West Coast  

作　　者：Himawatee Baboolal Derrick Balladin Samantha Chadee Himawatee Baboolal;Derrick Balladin;Samantha Chadee(Environmental Studies and Research Programme, University of Trinidad and Tobago, Arima, Trinidad and Tobago)

机构地区：[1]Environmental Studies and Research Programme, University of Trinidad and Tobago, Arima, Trinidad and Tobago

出　　处：《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》2020年第6期61-81,共21页地球科学和环境保护期刊（英文）

摘　　要：The paper analyzed the concentrations of trace metals in fine and respirable particulates (fine-PM₁ and PM_2.5;respirable-PM₁₀) to determine baseline concentrations in the ambient air and the factors impacting its distribution such as land use and time of year when levels may be concerning to public health. Measurements of particulates along with meteorological parameters were made at four sites over the heavily populated west coast of Trinidad (10<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:"font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">&#176</span></span>32'N, 61<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:"font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">&#176</span></span>18'W) during March ’15-May ’16, representing rural, urban, mixed background and industrial land uses. The study found mean levels of trace metals to be highest at the industrial and urban stations. Public health exceedances (referenced to the Canadian AAQ public health standards <a href="#ref23">(Ontario-MoE, 2012)</a>) were measured for beryllium, cadmium, chromium, iron, manganese and nickel (in PM₁₀). Iron, manganese and nickel, most associated with particulates at the industrial station, were in frequent exceedance. Beryllium—concentrated in coarse PM (PM_2.5-10) with only a single measured exceedance at the mixed background station likely poses minimal threat to the health of the nearby population. Cadmium—concentrated in fine PM which peaked once only at the rural station was likely due to an irregular event within a narrow timeframe during the time of sampling. Iron and manganese were frequently above the Canadian public health threshold, but predominated in the coarse PM fraction, suggesting localised sources. Nickel, concentrated in the fine PM fraction, was frequently in exceedance particularly at the industrial station. Cadmium and nickel are genotoxic and sThe paper analyzed the concentrations of trace metals in fine and respirable particulates (fine-PM₁ and PM_2.5;respirable-PM₁₀) to determine baseline concentrations in the ambient air and the factors impacting its distribution such as land use and time of year when levels may be concerning to public health. Measurements of particulates along with meteorological parameters were made at four sites over the heavily populated west coast of Trinidad (10<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:"font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">&#176</span></span>32'N, 61<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:"font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">&#176</span></span>18'W) during March ’15-May ’16, representing rural, urban, mixed background and industrial land uses. The study found mean levels of trace metals to be highest at the industrial and urban stations. Public health exceedances (referenced to the Canadian AAQ public health standards <a href="#ref23">(Ontario-MoE, 2012)</a>) were measured for beryllium, cadmium, chromium, iron, manganese and nickel (in PM₁₀). Iron, manganese and nickel, most associated with particulates at the industrial station, were in frequent exceedance. Beryllium—concentrated in coarse PM (PM_2.5-10) with only a single measured exceedance at the mixed background station likely poses minimal threat to the health of the nearby population. Cadmium—concentrated in fine PM which peaked once only at the rural station was likely due to an irregular event within a narrow timeframe during the time of sampling. Iron and manganese were frequently above the Canadian public health threshold, but predominated in the coarse PM fraction, suggesting localised sources. Nickel, concentrated in the fine PM fraction, was frequently in exceedance particularly at the industrial station. Cadmium and nickel are genotoxic and s

关 键 词：Ambient Air Pollution Fine and Respirable Particulates Trace Metals 

分 类 号：TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学]